SYLLABUS SUPPLEMENT FOR POLITICAL SCIENCE 826

David T. Canon

Fall, 1991

I. Introduction (including materials on comparative legislative studies)

Of special assistance to legislative scholars is the publication of the following bibliography with its lengthy author and subject index: Robert U. Goehlert and John R. Sayre, THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS: A BIBLIOGRAPHY (Free Press, 1982). Also see The Congress of the United States: 1789-1989, edited by Joel Silbey, Carlson Pub., 1991. This is a collection (nine volumes) of hundreds of articles on the U.S. Congress, drawn from the work of leading scholars in the field. THE CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY Publications (WEEKLY REPORTS, the yearly ALMANAC, POLITICS IN AMERICA, MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, CONGRESS AND THE NATION, INSIDE CONGRESS, and A GUIDE TO CONGRESS) and The NATIONAL JOURNAL are valuable aids for research on Congress and reports on current events. See also CQ's POWERS OF CONGRESS AND ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENTS OF CONGRESS. Three useful books with a more "legalistic" approach are: William P. Statsky, LEGISLATIVE ANALYSIS: HOW TO USE STATUTES AND REGULATIONS (1975), William Eskridge and Philip Frickey, CASES AND MATERIALS ON LEGISLATION, STATUTES, AND THE CREATION OF PUBLIC POLICY (1988), and Robert Goehlert, CONGRESS AND LAW MAKING: RESEARCHING THE LEGISLATURE (1979).

Two journals of unique interest to scholars of legislatures are CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENCY (formerly CONGRESSIONAL STUDIES), published jointly by American University's Center for Congressional and Presidential Studies and the Capitol Historical Society, and LEGISLATIVE STUDIES QUARTERLY, published by the Comparative Legislative Research Center of the University of Iowa. In addition to scholarly articles each issue os the LSQ also includes the Comparative Legislative Studies Newsletter (edited by Michael Mezey), which reviews and annotates recent legislative scholarship. The Legislative Studies group of the American Political Science Association publishes a NEWSLETTER, which reports on

professional conferences, activities, and resources, and issues yearly of scholars active in legislative studies.

Reviews of Literature, Basic Texts, and Good Edited Collections:

(entries with a "*" are strongly recommended readings)

*Larry Dodd and Bruce Oppenheimer, CONGRESS RECONSIDERED, 4th ed. (1988).

*Chris Deering, CONGRESSIONAL POLITICS (1989).

*Roger Davidson, THE POSTREFORM CONGRESS (1992).

*Roger Davidson and W. Oleszek, CONGRESS AND ITS MEMBERS, 3rd ed. (1990).

*Randall Ripley, CONGRESS (1990).

Morris Fiorina and David Rohde, HOME STYLE AND WASHINGTON WORK: STUDIES OF CONGRESSIONAL POLITICS (1991).

*Loewenberg, Patterson, and Jewell, HANDBOOK OF LEGISLATIVE RESEARCH (1985).

Ralph Huitt "Congress: Retrospect and Prospect,: JP, August, 1976.

Malcolm Jewell, "New Perspectives on U.S. Congress," LSQ, Feb. 1977.

Robert Peabody, "Research on Congress: The 1970's and Beyond," CONGRESS AND THE

PRESIDENCY, Vol. 9, No. 1.

Barbara Sinclair, "Recent Books on Congress" LSQ, Aug. 1982.

*James March and Johan P. Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," APSR 78:3 (September, 1984): 734-49.

Joseph Cooper and David Brady, "Toward a Diachronic Analysis of Congress," APSR

75:4 (December, 1981): 988-1012.

Of particular interest to those interested in the comparative study of national legislature are:

G. Loewenberg and S. Patterson COMPARING LEGISLATURES (1979).

J. Blondell, COMPARATIVE LEGISLATURES (1973).

G.R. Boynton and Chong Lim Kim, eds., LEGISLATIVE SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

J. Grumm, A PARADIGM FOR THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE SYSTEMS (1975).

Herbert Hirsch and Donald Hancock, eds., COMPARATIVE LEGISLATIVE SYSTEMS (1971).

M. Jewell, "Legislative Studies in Western Democracies: A Comparative

Perspective," LSQ, Nov. 1978, pp. 537-554.

A. Kornberg, ed., LEGISLATURES AND SOCIETAL CHANGE (1973).

Joel Smith and Lloyd Musolf, ed., LEGISLATURES IN DEVELOPMENT (1979).

A. Kornberg and Lloyd Musolf, eds., LEGISLATURES IN DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE (1970).

J. Lees and M. Shaw, COMMITTEES IN LEGISLATURES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (1979).

R. Luce, LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES (1924).

Michael L. Mezey, COMPARATIVE LEGISLATURES (1979).

J. Obler,"Legislatures and the Survival of Political Systems" PSQ, 1981, 127-140.

D. Olson, THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH (1980).

J. Schwarz and Earl Shaw, THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE (1976).

II. Congressmen, Their Colleagues and Their Constituents

Voting and Elections

J. Cohen, M. Krassa, and J. Hamman, "The Impact of Presidential Campaigning on Midterm U.S. Senate Elections," APSR 85:1 (March, 1991): 165-179.

Gary Jacobson, The Electoral Origins of Divided Government: Competition in U.S. House Elections, 1946-1988 (1990).

James Campbell and Joe Sumners, "Presidential Coattails in Senate Elections," APSR 84:2 (June, 1990): 513-24.

David Magleby and Candice Nelson, The Money Chase: Congressional Campaign Finance Reform (1990).

*Gary Jacobson, "Strategic Politicians and the Dynamics of U.S. House Elections, 1946-1986." APSR 83:3 (September, 1989): 773-94.

Morris Fiorina, Retrospective Voting in American National Elections (1981).

Alan Abramowitz, "Explaining Senate Election Outcomes," APSR 83:2 (June, 1989): 385-404.

Gary Cox and Michael Munger, "Closeness, Expenditures, and Turnout in the 1982 U.S. House Elections," APSR 83:1 (March, 1989): 217-32.

Gary Jacobson, S. Kernell, E. Uslaner, and M. Conway, "Interpreting the 1974 Congressional Elections," APSR 80:2 (June, 1986): 591-98.

Oppenheimer, Stimson, and Waterman. "Interpreting U.S. Congressional Elections: The Exposure Thesis." LSQ 11 (May, 1986): 227-47.

*A. Alsenia and H. Rosenthal, "Partisan Cycles in Congressional Elections and the Macroeconomy." APSR 83 (June, 1989): 373-98.

Eric Uslaner and Margaret Conway, "The Responsive Congressional Electorate: Watergate, the Economy, and Vote Choice in 1974." APSR 79:3 (September, 1985): 788-803.

Richard Born, "Partisan Intentions and Election Day Realities in the Congressional Redistricting Process," APSR 79:2 (June, 1985): 305-19.

Bruce Cain, "Assessing the Partisan Effects of Redistricting," APSR 79:2 (June, 1985): 320-33.

*J. Ferejohn and R. Calvert, "Presidential Coattails in Historical Perspective," AJPS 28 (February, 1984): 127-46.

Alan Abramowitz, "A Comparison of Voting for the U.S. Senate and Representatives in 1978," APSR, Sept. 1980, 633-646.

Alan Abramowitz, "Choices and Echoes in the 1978 U.S. Senate Elections," AJPS, Feb. 1981, 112-28.

Charles Bullock and M. Scicchitano, "Partisan Defections and Senate Re- elections," APQ, 1981, 477-488.

Richard Born, "Generational Replacement and the growth of Incumbent Re-elections Margins in the U.S. House" APSR, Sept. 1979, pp. 811-817.

Richard Born, "House Incumbents and Inter-Elections Vote Change," JP, Nov., 1977

R. Born, "Partisan Intentions and Election Day Realities in the Congressional Redistricting Process, APSR 79 (June, 1985): 305-319.

David Brady, Critical Elections, Congressional Parties, and Clusters of Policy Changes." BJPS, January 1978.

*D. Brady, "A Reevaluation of Realignments in American Politics: Evidence from the House of Representatives." APSR 79 (March, 1984): 28-49.

G. Brunk, "Turnover and Voting Stability in the Senate" APQ,July 1982, 363-373. Albert Cover, "One Good Term Deserves Another," AJPS, August, 1977.

E. Goldenberg and M. Traugott, "Normal Vote Analysis of U.S. Congressional

Elections," LSQ, May 1981, pp. 247-58.

John R. Hibbing and J. Alford, "Economic Conditions and the Forgotten Side of Congress: A foray into U.S. Senate Elections," BJPS, Oct. 1982, 505-512.

Barbara Hinckley, "The American Voter in Congressional Elections," APSR, Sept.

1980, 641-660.

H. Schantz, "Contested and Uncontested Primaries for the U.S. House,"LSQ, Nov. 1980, 545-562.

D. Shaffer, "Voting in Four Elective Offices," APQ, Jan. 1982, 5-30.

Wayne Shannon, PARTY, CONSTITUENCY AND CONGRESSIONAL VOTING.

AMERICAN POLITICS QUARTERLY, Oct. 1980, Special Issue on "Congressional Elections."

Lee Sigelman, "Special Elections to the U.S. House: Some Descriptive Generalizations" LSQ, Nov. 1981, pp. 577-588.

Gary Jacobson, MONEY IN CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION (1980).

Warren Kostroski, "The Effect of the Number of Terms on the Re-election of Senators, 1920-1970", JP, May 1978.

H. Kritzer and R. Eubank, "Presidential Coattails Revisited," AJPS, Aug. 1979, 615-626.

R. Wolfinger et al, "Presidential and Congressional Voters Compared, APQ, April 1981, 245-256.

Representation and Constituency Service

Larry Bartels, "Constituency Opinion and Congressional Policy Making: The Reagan Defense Build-up." APSR 85:2 (June, 1991): 457-74.

John Jackson and David King, "Public Goods, Private Interests, and Representation," APSR 83:4 (December, 1989): 1143-64.

*M. Fiorina, CONGRESS; KEYSTONE OF THE WASHINGTON ESTABLISHMENT, 2nd ed. (1989).

G. Parker, "Cycles in Congressional District Attentiveness," AJPS, Feb. 1980, pp. 115-124.

Gary King and Robert Browning, "Democratic Representation and Partisan Bias in Congressional Elections," APSR 81:4 (December, 1987): 1251-1276.

J. Johannes, "The Distribution of Casework in the U.S. Congress: An Uneven Burden, "LSQ, Nov. 1980, pp. 517-544.

J. Johannes and John McAdams. "The Congressional Incumbency Effect: Is it Casework, Policy Compatibility or Something Else?" AJPS 25 (1981): 512-41.

H. Pitkin, THE CONCEPT OF REPRESENTATION (1967).

*Cain, Ferejohn, and Fiorina, The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence (1987), see their APSR article that summarizes this argument, 78:1 (March, 1984): 110-25.

*R. Fenno, HOME STYLE: HOUSE MEMBERS IN THEIR DISTRICTS (1978).

G. Parker, HOMEWARD BOUND: EXPLAINING CHANGES IN CONGRESSIONAL BEHAVIOR (1986).

J.T. Anagnoson, "Federal Grant Agencies and Congressional Election Campaigns" AJPS, Aug. 1982, pp. 547-561.

Albert Cover and B. Brumbeg, "Baby Books and Ballots: The Impact of Congressional Mail on Constituency Opinion," APSR, June, 1982, 347-359.

Robert Erikson, "Constituency Opinion and Congressional Behavior: A Reexamina- tion of the Miller-Stokes Representation Data", AJPS, August 1978, 511-535.

Heinz Eulau and J. Wahlke, eds., POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION (1978).

M. Fiorina, REPRESENTATIVES, ROLL CALLS, AND CONSTITUENCIES (1974).

J. Jackson, CONSTITUENCIES AND LEADERS IN CONGRESS (1974).

John Stolarek, et. al., "Measuring Constituency Opinion in the U.S. House: Mail vs. Random Surveys," LSQ, Nov. 1981, pp. 589-596.

Walter Stone, "Electoral Change and Policy Representation in Congress: Domestic Welfare Issues from 1956-1972" BJPS, Jan. 1982 pp. 95-116.

J. Sullivan and E. Uslaner, "Congressional Behavior and Electoral Marginality,"AJPS, August 1978.

Julius Turner and E. Schneier, PARTY AND CONSTITUENCY PRESSURES ON CONGRESS (1971).

R. Weisberg, "Collective vs. Dyadic Representation in Congress," APSR, June 1978, pp. 535-547.

Bruce Ray, "Congressional Losers in the U.S. Federal Spending Process," LSQ, Aug. 1980, pp. 359-72.

Ambition and Careers

D. Canon, Actors, Athletes, and Astronauts: Political Amateurs in the U.S. Congress (1990).

Richard Born, "Strategic Politicians and Unresponsive Voters," APSR 80:2 (June, 1986): 599-612.

Jeff Fishel, PARTY AND OPPOSITION (1974).

Steve Frantzich, "Opting Out," APQ, July, 1978.

*J. Hibbing, "Voluntary Retirement from the U.S. House: Who Quits," LSQ, Feb., 1982, pp. 57-74.

C. Clapp, THE CONGRESSMAN: HIS WORK AS HE SEES IT (1963).

J. Cooper and W. West, "Voluntary Retirement, Incumbency and the Modern House," PSQ, Summer 1981, 279-300.

James Payne, "Career Intentions and Electoral Performance of Members of the U.S.

House," LSQ, Feb. 1982, pp. 93-100.

Peter Swenson, "The Influence of Recruitment on the Structure of Power in the U.S. House, 1870-1940, LSQ, Feb. 1982, 7-36.

J. Schlesinger, AMBITIONS AND POLITICS.

David Rhode, "Risk Bearing and Progressive Ambition: The Case of the U.S. House of Representatives," AJPS, 1979, pp. 1-30.

Mark Levine and M. Hyde, "Incumbency and the Theory of Political Ambition: A Rational Theory Model,: JP, November 1977.

David Leuthold, ELECTIONEERING IN A DEMOCRACY (1968).

Louis Sandy Maisel, FROM OBSCURITY TO OBLIVION: RUNNING IN THE CONGRESSIONAL PRIMARY (1982).

D. Matthews, U.S. SENATORS AND THEIR WORLD (1960), SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF POLITICAL DECISIONMAKERS (1956).

Wilma Rule, "Why Women Don't Run,"WPQ, Mar. 1981, pp. 60-77.

B. Hinckley, "The Role of the Challenger," BJPS, 1980, 441-60.

*Gary Jacobson and S. Kernell, STRATEGY AND CHOICE IN CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS (1983).

Samuel Kernell, "Toward Understanding 19th Century Congressional Careers: Ambition Competition and Rotation," AJPS, November 1977.

H. Douglas Price, "The Congressional Career: Then and Now" In N. Polsby, ed., CONGRESSIONAL BEHAVIOR (1971).

Lyn Ragsdale, "Incumbent Popularity, Challenger Invisibility, and Congressional Voters," LSQ, May, 1981, pp. 201-218.

James Payne, "Show Horses and Work Horses in the U.S. House," POLITY, Spring 1980, pp. 428-456.

General

Bernard Asbell, THE SENATE NOBODY KNOWS (1978).

Ross K. Baker, FRIEND AND FOE IN THE U.S. SENATE (1980).

Maurene Christopher, BLACK AMERICANS IN CONGRESS (1976).

R. Davidson, THE ROLE OF THE CONGRESSMAN (1969).

Lewis Dexter, THE SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICS OF CONGRESS (1969).

Richard Elling, "Ideological Change in the U.S. Senate: Time and Electoral Responsiveness," LSQ, Feb. 1982, 75-92.

Rudolph Engleboute, WOMEN IN THE U.S. CONGRESS (1979).

Dennis Hale, ed., THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS (O'Neill Symposium) Parts II and III.

Robert Smith, "The Black Congressional Delegation: WPQ,, June 1981, pp. 203-221.

E. Uslaner, "The Case of the Vanishing Liberal Senators: The House Did It," BJPS, Jan. 1981, pp. 105-112.

For American Election statistics see:

Richard Scammon and Alice Mcgillivray, eds., AMERICAN VOTES (issued periodically, most recent is 1978) and Congressional Quarterly's, GUIDE TO U.S. ELECTIONS (includes popular vote returns for Senate Candidates since 1913 and House candidates since 1824). For information on members of Congress see CONGRESSIONAL DIRECTORY (published yearly by G.P.O.), POLITICS IN AMERICA (CQ Press), or THE ALMANAC OF AMERICAN POLITICS (Published by National Journal).

III. Congress and the Media

*E. Goldenberg and M. Traugott, "Mass Media in U.S. Congressional Elections." LSQ 12 (August, 1987): 317-39.

Donald A. Ritchie, PRESS GALLERY: CONGRESS AND THE WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENTS (1991).

Timothy Cook, MAKING LAWS AND MAKING NEWS: MEDIA STRATEGIES IN THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (1989).

Peter Clarke and Susan Evans, COVERING CAMPAIGNS: JOURNALISM IN CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS (1983).

Elie Anel, ed., WHAT'S NEWS? (1981).

Ben Bagdekean, "Congress and the Media: Partners in Propaganda," COLUMBIA JOURNALISM REVIEW, Jan./Feb./1974.

Herbert Gans, DECIDING WHAT'S NEWS (1979).

Stephen Hess, THE WASHINGTON REPORTERS (1981).

S. Hess, THE GOVERNMENT/PRESS CONNECTION (1984).

S. Hess, THE ULTIMATE INSIDERS: U.S. SENATORS IN THE NATIONAL NEWS (1986).

Samuel Shaffer, ON AND OFF THE FLOOR: THIRTY YEARS AS A CORRESPONDENT ON CAPITOL HILL (1981).

IV. Committees (and the Institutionalization of the Legislature)

*S. Smith and C. Deering, COMMITTEES IN CONGRESS (1990).

Barry Wiengast, "Floor Behavior in the U.S. Congress: Committee Power under the Open Rule," APSR 83:3 (September, 1989): 795-816.

Keith Krehbiel and Douglas Rivers, "The Analysis of Committee Power: An Application to Senate Voting on the Minimum Wage," AJPS 32 (1988): 1151-74.

John Wright, "Contributions, Lobbying, and Committee Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives," APSR 84:2 (June, 1990): 417-38.

Roger Davidson, "Congressional Committees as Moving Targets," LSQ 11 (February, 1986): 19-33.

Jonathan Bendor and Terry Moe, "Agenda Control, Committee Capture, and the Dynamics of Institutional Politics," APSR 80:4 (December, 1986): 1187-1208.

Scott Feld and Bernard Grofman, "On the Possibility of Faithfully Representative Committees," APSR 80:3 (September, 1986): 863-880.

J. Cooper and G. MacKenzie, HOUSE AT WORK (1981).

Joseph Cooper, THE ORIGINS OF STANDING COMMITTEES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN HOUSE (Rice U. Studies, Vol. 56, No. 3, Summer 1970).

David Farnsworth, THE SENATE COMMITTEE IN FOREIGN RELATIONS

*R. Fenno, CONGRESSMEN IN COMMITTEES (1973).

R. Fenno, POWER OF THE PURSE (1966).

John Ferejohn, PORK BARREL POLITICS (1974).

George Goodwin, LITTLE LEGISLATURES (1970).

Hinckley, THE SENIORITY SYSTEM IN CONGRESS (1971).

Stephen Horn, UNUSED POWER: THE WORK OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS (1970).

John Manley, THE POLITICS OF FINANCE: THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS (1970).

Lawros McConachie, CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES (1898).

William Morrow, CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES (1969).

Thomas Murphy, POLITICS OF CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES (1978).

David E. Price, POLICYMAKING IN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES (1979), WHO MAKES THE LAWS? (1974).

James Robinson, THE HOUSE RULES COMMITTEE (1963).

A. Schlesinger and R. Burns, ed., CONGRESS INVESTIGATES, 1792-1974 (5 vols.).

K. Shepsle, THE GIANT JIGSAW PUZZLE: DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS IN THE HOUSE (1978).

G. Steiner, THE CONGRESSIONAL CONFERENCE COMMITTEES.

D. Vogler, THE THIRD HOUSE: CONFERENCE COMMITTEES IN THE U.S. CONGRESS (1971).

Woodrow Wilson, CONGRESSIONAL GOVERNMENT (1885)

Jon Bond, "Oiling the Tax Committees, 1900-1974" AJPS, Nov. 1979, pp. 651-664.

Charles Bullock, "Committees Transfers in the U.S. House of Representatives," JP, February, 1973.

*Charles Bullock, "Committee Assignments and Reelection in the U.S. House," APSR, September 1972.

N. Masters, "Committee Assignment in the House of Representatives," APSR, September 1969, pp. 787-807.

Douglas C. Chaffey, "The Institutionalization of State Legislatures," WPQ, March 1970.

L. Dodd and J. Pierce, "Roll Call Measurement of Committee Integration: The Impact of Alternative Methods," Polity, 1974.

*John Ferejohn, "Who Wins in Conference Committees?," JP, Nov. 1975, 1033-1047

D. Gross, "House-Senate Conference Committees: A Comparative State Perspective," AJPS, Nov. 1980, 769-78.

Donald Gross, "Conference Committees, Sophisticated Voting, and Cyclical Majorities," LSQ, February 1979.

W. Francis, "Legislative Committee Systems, Optimal Committee Size, and Costs of Decision-Making," JP, Aug. 1982, 822-837.

Irwin Gertzog, "The Routinization of Committee Assignments in the U.S. House", AJPS, November 1976.

Steven Haeberle, "The Institutionalization of the Subcommittee in the U.S. House of Representatives," JP November 1978.

R. Huitt, "Morse Committee Assignment Controversy," and R. Huitt and R. Peabody, TWO DECADES OF ANALYSIS.

A.L. Lewis, "Floor Success as a Measure of Committee Performance in the House," JP, May 1978, pp. 460-467.

James T. Murphy, "Political Parties and Porkbarrel: Party Conflict and Cooperation in House Public Works Committee Decision Making," APSR, 1974

Bruce Ray, "Committee Attractiveness in the U.S. House, 1963-1981," AJPS, Aug. 1982, pp. 609-613.

Bruce Ray, "Federal Spending and the Selection of Committee Assignments in the U.S. House," AJPS, Aug. 1980, 494-510.

Bruce Ray, "Military Committee Membership in the House of Representatives and Allocation of Defense Department Outlays," WPQ, June 1981, 222-234.

David Vogler, "Ad Hoc Committees in the House of Representatives and Purposive Models of Legislative Behavior," Polity, Autumn, 1981, 80-109.

There are several relevant volumes in the Ralph Nader Congress Project (though this material is a bit dated now): THE COMMERCE COMMITTEE, THE ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEES, THE JUDICIARY COMMITTEES, THE MONEY COMMITTEES, THE REVENUE COMMITTEES.

On staffs, support agencies, and information usage:

Norman Beckman, "Use of a Staff Agency by the Congress: The Congressional Research Service," THE BUREAUCRAT, January 1975.

Warren Butler, "Administering Congress: The Role of the Staff," PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, 1966, pp. 3-12.

B.K. Eres, LEGAL AND LEGISLATIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING (1980).

Martin Fitzgerald, "The Expanded Role of the GAO," THE BUREAUCRAT, January 1975.

Harrison Ford and Susan Hammond, CONGRESSIONAL STAFFS (1977).

S. Frantzich, COMPUTERS IN CONGRESS (1983).

S. Frantzich, "Communications and Congress" in G. Benjamin, ed., THE COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION IN POLITICS (1981).

Khaled M. Kayali, "Patterns of Congressional Staffing: The House Committees on Appropriations" in A. Baaklini and J. Heaphy, COMPARATIVE LEGISLATIVE REFORMS AND INNOVATION, (1977).

K. Kofmehl, PROFESSIONAL STAFFS OF CONGRESS, 3rd EDITION (1977).

S. Hammond, "Congressional Change and Referendum: Staffing the Congress in L. Rieselbach, ed., LEGISLATIVE REFORM J. Heaphy and A. Balutis, LEGISLATIVE STAFFING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE (1979).

E.H. Koman, ed., CASES IN ACCOUNTABILITY: THE WORK OF THE GAO (1979).

*Michael Malbin, UNELECTED REPRESENTATIVES: A NEW ROLE FOR CONGRESSIONAL STAFFS (1979).

Michael Malbin, "Congressional Committee Staffs: Who's In Charge Here?" PUBLIC INTEREST, Sp. 1977, pp. 16-40.

John Manley, "Congressional Staff and Public Policy Making", JP, Nov. 1968, pp. 1046-67.

N. Ornstein and D. Rhode, "Resource Usage, Information, and Policy-making in the Senate," in D. Kozak and J. Macartney, eds., CONGRESS AND PUBLIC POLICY (1982).

S. Patterson, "Congressional Committee Professional Staffing," in A. Kornberg and L. Musolf, eds., LEGISLATURES IN DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE (also see Robinson article in same book).

D. Price, "Professionals and Entrepreneurs: Staff Orientations and Policy Making on Three Senate Committees," JP, May 1971, pp. 316-36.

*R. Salisbury and K. Shepsle, "Congressional Staff Turnover and the Ties That Bind" APSR, June 1981, pp. 381-396.

Michael Scicchitano, "Legislative Goals and Informational Use," APQ, vol. 9, Jan. 1981, 103-110.

H. Wolman and Dianne Miller Wolman, "Role of the U.S. Senate Staff in Opinion Linkage Process: Population Policy," LSQ, August 1977, 281-294.

Robert Zwier, "The Search for Information: Specialists and nonspecialists in the U.S. House of Representatives," LSQ, February 1979

IV. Legislative Parties (and other "Groups" in Congress)

*David W. Rohde, Party Leaders in the Postreform House (1991).

*Barbara Sinclair, Majority Leadership in the U.S. House (1983).

D.R. Kiewiet and M. McCubbins, The Logic of Delegation: Congressional Parties and the Appropriations Process (1991).

Patricia Hurley and Rick Wilson, "Partisan Voting Patterns in the U.S. Senate, 1877-1986, LSQ 14:2 (May, 1989): 225-50.

David T. Canon, "The Institutionalization of Leadership in the U.S. Congress,"

LSQ 14:3 (August, 1989): 415-43.

Melissa Collie, "Electoral Patterns and Voting Alignments in the U.S. House,

1886-1986," LSQ 14:1 (February, 1989): 107-27.

Melissa Collie, "Universalism and Parties in the U.S. House of Representatives,

1921-1980," AJPS 32:4 (November, 1988): 865-883.

Samuel Patterson and Gregory Caldeira, "Party Voting in the U.S. Congress,"

BJPS 17:1 (January, 1988): 111-31.

Alan Abramowitz, "Is the Revolt Fading? A Note on Party Loyalty Among Southern Democratic Congressmen", JP, May, 1980, pp. 568-572.

J. Barber, "Leadership Strategies for Legislative Party Cohesion," JP, May 1966, pp. 347-67.

R. Bernstein and S. Horn, "Explaining House Voting on Energy Policy", WPQ, June 1981, 235-245.

R. Bolling, Power in the House (1968).

H. Bone, "An Introduction to the Senate Policy Committees," APSR, June 1956.

Richard Born, "Cue Taking Within State Party Delegations in the U.S. House of Representatives" JP, 1976, 71-94.

David Brady, "Critical Elections, Congressional Parties and Clusters of Policy Changes" BJPS, Jan. 1978.

David Brady, "Congressional Party Realignment and Transformations of Public Policy in Three Realignment Eras," AJPS, May 1982, 333-360.

Jerome Clubb and S. Traugott, "Parties Cleavage and Cohesion in the House, 1861- 1974," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 1977.

A. Clausen, "State Party Influence on Congressional Party Decision" MWJPS, 1972, pp. 77-101.

A. Fiellin, "Group Life of A State Delegation in the House," WPQ, 1970, 305-320.

B. Deckard, "State Party Delegations in U.S. House," JP, 34 (1972): pp. 199-223.

David Truman, "The State Delegations and the Structure of Party Voting the U.S. House of Representatives," APSR, Dec. 1956.

W. Crane, "A Caveat on Roll-Call Studies of Party Voting," MWJPS, Aug. 1960, pp. 237-249.

R. Dunlap and M. Allen, "Partisan Differences in Environmental Issues," WPQ, Sept. 1978.

Leon Epstein, Political Parties in The American Mold. (1986).

A. Fiellin, "Functions of Informal Groups in Legislative Institutions," JP,

(1962), pp. 72-91.

Michael Foley, The New Senate. (1980).

Stanley Freedman, A "Party Government and Salience of Congress Revisited" in J. Fishel, ed., Parties and Elections in and Anti-Party Age. (1970).

G. Grassmusk, Sectional Biases in Congress on Foreign Policy.

Paul Hasbrouck, Party Government in the House of Representatives (1927).

Charles Henry, "Legitimizing Race on Congressional Politics," APQ, April 1977.

B. Hinckley, Stability and Change in Congress. 4th ed, (1988).

B. Hinckley, "Stylized Opposition in the U.S. House of Representatives, LSQ, Feb.

1977.

R. Huitt, "Democratic Party Leadership in the Senate," APSR, June 1961.

P. Hurley, "Predicting Policy Change in the House," BJPS, July 1982, 375-84.

M. Jewell, "Party Voting in American State Legislatures," APSR, 1955, 773-791.

Charles Jones, The Minority Party in Congress. (1970).

Charles Jones, "The Minority Party and Policy Making in the House," APSR 1968, pp. 481-93.

Charles Jones, Party and Policy-Making: The House Republican Policy Committee.

(1965).

P. Lencher, "Partisan Realignments and Congressional Behavior" Am. Pol. Qtly, April 1976.

L. Lowell, "The Influence of Party Upon Legislation in England and America," Annual Report of the American Historical Association, Vol, I, H. Doc. 702, 86 Cong., 1st Session.

Theodore Lowi, "Party, Policy and Constitution," in W. Burnham and W. Chambers eds., The American Party Systems.

G. Maxwell, "Party Region and the Dimensions of Conflict in the House of Representatives, 1949-1954," APSR (1967), pp. 380-399.

H. McClosky and H. Dohlgren, "Primary Group Influence on Party Loyalty," APSR, 1959, pp. 757-776.

Garrison Nelson, "Partisan Patterns of House Leadership in Congress," APSR, 1977, pp. 918-939.

Walter Oleszek, "Party Whips in the U.S. Senate," JP, Nov. 1971.

Robert Peabody, Leadership in Congress (1976).

R. Peabody, "Party Leadership Change in the House of Representatives," APSR, Sept. 1967, pp. 675-93.

N. Polsby, "Two Strategies of Influence," in R. Peabody and N. Polsby, eds., New Perspective on the House of Representatives.

H.D. Price, "Are Southern Democrats Different," in N. Polsby, et. al., eds., Politics and Social Life.

Floyd Riddick, Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate: History and Development of the Offices of the Floor Leaders (Gov't. Printing Office, 1979).

Walter Oleszek, Majority and Minority Whips of the Senate (Gov't Printing Office, 1977), History and Operation of House Majority Whip Organization (1973).

Commission on Operation of Senate, Policymaking Role of Leadership in the Senate: A Compilation of Papers, (Gov't. Printing Office, 1976).

J. Riddlesberger and J. King, "Energy Votes in the U.S. Senate: 1973-1980", JP, Aug. 1982.

W. Riker and D. Niemi,. "Stability of Coalitions of Roll Calls in the House of Representatives," APSR, March 1962.

Randall Ripley, Majority Party Leadership in Congress. (1969), Power in the Senate. (1969), and Party Leaders in the U.S. House of Representatives (1967).

R. Ripley and L. Froman, "Conditions of Party Leadership," APSR, 1965, pp. 52-63.

Randall Ripley, "Congressional Party Leaders and Standing Committees," Rev. of Politics, 1974, 394-409.

S. Rothman, Politics and Power: The U.S. Senate, 1869-1901 (1966).

*E.E. Schattschneider, Party Government (1942).

John Schwarz, B. Fenmore, T. Volgy, "Liberal and Conservative Voting in the House of Representatives," BJPS, July 1980, 317-340.

*Barbara D. Sinclair, "Party Realignment and the Transformation of the Political Agenda: The House of Representatives, 1925-1938," APSR, Sept. 1977,940-953.

B. Sinclair, "The Speaker's Task Force in the Post-Reform House of Representatives," APSR, June 1981, pp. 397-410.

B. Sinclair and John Stanley, "Party Decomposition and Region: The House of Representatives, 1945-70" WPQ, June 1974.

B. Sinclair, "Determinant of Aggregate Party Cohesion in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1901-1956," LSQ, May, 1977.

B. Sinclair, "The Policy Consequences of Party Alignment," AJPS, Feb. 1978.

B. Sinclair, "Electoral Marginality and Party Loyalty in House Roll Call Voting," AJPS, August 1976.

Arthur Stevens, et al, "U.S. Congressional Structure and Representation: The Role of Informal Groups," LSQ, Aug. 1981.

D. Stokes and W. Miller, "Party Government and the Saliency of Congress," POQ, Winter 1962, pp. 531-546.

Clarence Stone, "Inter-party Differences and Congressional Voting Behavior," APSR, Sept. 1968.

W. Sullivan, "Criteria for Selecting Party Leadership in Congress: An Empirical Test," APQ, Jan. 1975, pp. 25-44.

David Truman, The Congressional Party (1959).

D. Truman, ed., Congress and America's Future 1965 (articles by Fenno and Huitt).

Sidney Waldman, "Majority Leadership in the House of Representatives," PSQ, Fall,

1980, 373-393.

S. Welch, "The Impact of Party on voting Behavior in One Party State Legislature," APSR, Sept. 1973.

L. Westefield, "Majority Party Leadership and the Committee System in the House of Representatives," APSR, Dec. 1974, pp. 1593-1604.

V. Interest Groups and Legislators

John Hird, "The Political Economy of Pork: Project Selection at the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers," APSR 85:2 (June, 1991): 429-56.

Arthur Denzau and Michael Munger, "Legislators and Interest Groups: How Unorganized Interests Get Represented." APSR 80:1 (March, 1986): 89-106.

John Wright, "PACs, Contributions, and Roll Calls: An Organizational Perspective," APSR 79:2 (June, 1985): 400-14.

Joel Aberbach and Bert Rockman, "Bureaucrats and Clientele Groups: A View from Capitol Hill," AJPS, Nov. 1978.

William Ashworth, Under the Influence: Congress, Lobbies, and the American Pork- Barrel System (1981).

R. Bauer, I. Pool, L. Dexter, American Business and Public Policy (1963).

J. Berry, Lobbying for the People.

Donald Blaisdell, American Democracy Under Pressure.

William Chamblis, On the Take: From Petty Crooks to Presidents (1981).

P.W. Cherington and Ralph Z Gillen, The Business Representative in Washington.

Congressional Quarterly, The Washington Lobby.

Bernard Cohen, Influence of Non Governmental Groups on Foreign Policy Making (1959).

P. Conn, "Social Pluralism of Democracy" AJPS, May 1973, pp. 237- 54.

W. Connally, ed., Bias of Pluralism.

Ann Costain, "The Struggle for a National Women's Lobby: Organizing a Diffuse Interest," WPQ, Dec. 1980, 476-91.

Roger Davidson, "Breaking up Those Cozy Triangles: An Impossible Dream," in S. Welch and J. Petters. eds., Legislature Reform and Public Policy (1978).

L. A. Dexter, How Organizations are Represented in Washington.

H. Eastman, Lobbying: A Constitutionally Protected Right.

H. Ehrmann, ed., Interest Groups on four Continents.

Linda Fowler, "How Interest Groups Select Issues for Rating Voting Records of Members of the U.S. Congress", LSQ, Aug. 1982, 401-414.

L. Froman, "Some Effects of Interest Group Strength in State Politics" in D. Hirsch and D. Hancock, eds., Comparative Legislative Behavior.

Mark Green, The Other Government: The Unseen Power of Washington Lawyers.

D. Hall, Cooperative Lobbying.

D. Harder, When Governments Go to Washington.

Ronald J. Hrebenar and Ruth Scott, Interest Group Politics in America (1982).

Robert Holsworth, Public Interest Liberalism and the Crisis of Affluence (1981).

A. Holtzman, Interest Groups and Lobbying.

R. Howe and S. Trot, The Power Peddlers.

Earl Latham, The Group Basis of Politics. (1952)

*T. Lowi, The End of Liberalism. (1969)

*Theodore Lowi, "American Business, Public Policy, Case Studies, and Political Theory," World Politics 16 (1964): 677-715.

M. Margolis, "Pressure Politics Revisited," Policy Studies Journal, Sp. 1980.

G. McConnell, Private Power and American Democracy (1966).

Robert McCormick and Robert Tollison, Politicians, Legislation, and the Economy: An Inquiry into the Interest Group Theory of Government (1981).

Andrew McFarland, Public Interest Lobbies: Decision Making on Energy (1976).

Albert Melone, Lawyers, Public Policy and Interest Group Politics (1977).

L. Milbrath, The Washington Lobbyist (1963).

*Terry Moe, "Toward a Broader View of Interest Groups", JP, May, 1981, 531-543.

Terry Moe, Organization of Interests (1982).

Peter Odegard, Pressure Politics.

*M. Olson, The Logic of Collective Action (1967).

N. Ornstein and S. Elder, Interest Groups, Lobbying and Policy-Making (1978)

Bruce Oppenheimer, Oil and the Congressional Process. (1974)

S. Patterson, Labor Lobbying and Labor Reform.

E. Pendelton Herring, Group Representation Before Congress (1929).

Keith Poole, "Dimensions of Interest Group Evaluation of the U.S. Senate 1969- 1978," AJPS, Feb. 1981, 49-67.

Lynda W. Powell, "Issue Representation in Congress," JP, Aug., 1982, 658-78.

R. Presthus, Elites in the Policy Process.

A. Scott and M. Hunt, Congress and Lobbies (1966).

David Truman, The Governmental Process. 2nd ed. (1971).

Graham Wilson, Special Interests and Policy making (1977).

H. Wollman and N. Thomas, "Black Interests, Black Groups, and Black Influence in the Federal Policy Process" JP, Nov. 1970, pp. 875-97.

On Congressional Ethics and Conflict of Interest see:

Edmund Beard and Stephen Horn, Congressional Ethics: The View from the House.

Paul Douglas, Ethics in Government.

CQ Congressional Ethics.

Robert Getz, Congressional Ethics.

James C. Kirby, Congress and the Public Trust.

S. Watzman, Conflict of Interest: Politics and the Money Game.

Susan Welch and John Peters, "Private Interests in the U.S. Congress," LSQ, Nov. 1982, 547-555.

VI. The Executive, the Bureaucracy, Congress and Public Policy

General

Steven Shull and Lance LeLoup, eds., The Presidency: Studies in Policy-Making.

David Mayhew, Divided We Govern: Party Control, Lawmaking, and Investigations, 1946-1990 (1991).

Samuel Kernell, Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership (1986).

Gary Cox and Sam Kernell, The Politics of Divided Government (1991).

Paul Light, The President's Agenda: Domestic Policy Choice from Kennedy to Carter (1981).

Mark Peterson, Legislating Together (1990).

Jon Bond and Richard Fleisher, The President in the Legislative Arena (1990).

*James Sundquist, The Decline and Resurgence of Congress (1981).

*John Kingdon, Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policy (1984).

C. Covington. "Congressional Support for the President." JP 48 (August, 1986): 717-28.

*Richard Neustadt, Presidential Power (1960).

D. Rohde and D. Simon, "Presidential Vetoes and Congressional Responses." AJPS

29 (August, 1985): 397-427.

M. Mezey. Congress the President and Public Policy (1989).

A. King, ed. Both Ends of the Avenue: The Presidency, the Executive Branch, and Congress in the 1980s (1983).

G. Edwards. At the Margins: Presidential Leadership of Congress (1989).

David Abshire and R. Nurnberger, ed., the Growing Power of Congress (1981).

R. Berger, Executive Privilege.

R. Berger, Impeachment.

Wilfred Binkley, President and Congress.

Norman J. Ornstein, President and Congress: Assessing Reagan's First Year.

Hank Parkenson, et al., Government in Transition: Lame Duck Congress and the Presidency (1982).

Jon Bond and R. Fleisher, "The Limits of Presidential Popularity as a Source of Influence in the U.S. House," LSQ, Feb. 1980, pp. 69-78.

Douglas Cater, Power in Washington.

Richard Pious, The American Presidency (1979).

A. Schlesinger, The Imperial Presidency.

J. Sundquist, Politics and Policy.

Stephen Wayne, The Legislative Presidency (1978).

S. Wayne et al., "Advising the President on Enrolled Legislation," PSQ, Summer, 1980, pp. 303-18.

J. Cohen, "The Impact of the Modern Presidency on Presidential Success in U.S. Congress", LSQ, Nov. 1982, pp. 515-532.

Thomas Cronin, "A Resurgent Congress and the Imperial Presidency" PSQ, Summer, 1980, pp. 209-238.

George Edwards, Presidential Influence in Congress (1980).

Louis Fisher, Politics of Shared Power (1981).

Louis Fisher, President and Congress.

Stephen Horn, The Cabinet and Congress.

Brian Fry and J. S. Stolarek, "The Impeachment Process: Predispositions and Votes," JP, Nov. 1980.

A. Frye, A Responsible Congress.

E. Hargrove, Power of the Modern Presidency.

N. Polsby, Congress and the Presidency, 4th ed. (1986).

J. Pressman and A. Wildavsky, Implementation.

R. Ripley, Kennedy and Congress.

John Kessel, The Domestic President.

Anthony King, "Modes of Executive-Legislative Relations," LSQ, 1976.

Foreign Policy

Steven Shull, ed. The Two Presidencies: A Quarter Century Assessment (1991).

John Spanier and J. Nogee, Congress, the President and Foreign Policy.

David Abshire, Foreign Policy Makers (1979).

C. Crabb, Bipartisan Foreign Policy

Robert Dahl, Congress and Foreign Policy

John Gist, "The Impact of Annual Authorizations on Military Appropriations in the U.S. Congress," LSQ, Aug. 1981, pp. 415-439.

Lee Hamilton, "Congress and Foreign Policy," Pres. Studies Qtly., Sp 1982.

John E. Mueller, War, Presidents and Public Opinion.

S. Huntington, Common Defense.

J. Javits with D. Kellerman, Who Makes War: The President versus Congress

Malcolm Jewell, Senatorial Politics and Foreign Policy

Loch Johnson, "The U. S. Congress and the CIA," LSQ, Nov. 1980, pp. 477-500.

Arnold Kanter, Defense Politics (1979).

Edward Lawrance, "The Congressional Role in Defense Policy Making: Evaluation of the Literature," Armed Forces and Society, Spring 1980, pp. 431-454.

A. Platt and L. Weiler, eds., Congress and Arms Control (1979).

James Robinson, Congress and Foreign Policy Making.

Warner Schilling et al., Strategy, Politics and Defense Budgets.

Oversight and Bureaucracy

Terry Moe, "Control and Feedback in Economic Regulation: The Case of the NLRB." APSR 79:4 (December, 1985): 1094-1116.

R. Calvert, M. McCubbins, and B. Weingast, "A Theory of Political Control and Agency Discretion," AJPS 33 (1989): 588-611.

*J. Aberbach. Keeping a Watchful Eye: The Politics of Congressional Oversight (1990).

Chris Foreman, Signals from the Hill: Congressional Oversight and the Challenge of Social Regulation (1988).

Joel Aberbach, "Changes in Congressional Oversight," Amer.Beh.Scientist, May, June 1979.

Joel Aberbach and B. Rockman "The Overlapping Worlds of American Federal Executives and Congressmen," British Journal of Political Science, 1977, 23-47.

*R. Douglas Arnold, Congress, and the Bureaucracy (1979).

Lawrence Dodd and Richard L. Schott, Congress and the Administrative State (1979).

Morris Ogul, Congress Overseas the Bureaucracy.

Budget and Economic Politics

*Aaron Wildavsky, The New Politics of the Budgetary Process (1988).

John Gilmour, Reconcilable Differences: Congress, the Budget Process, and the Deficit (1990).

Joel Havermann, Congress and the Budget (1978).

Dennis Ippolito, Congressional Spending (1981).

Gregory Fischer and Mark Kamlet, ""Explaining Presidential Priorities: The Competing Aspiration Levels Model of Macrobudgetary Decision Making," APSR 78:2 (June, 1984): 356-71.

R. Fleisher and J. Bond. "Presidential-Congressional Relations on Economic Votes, 1957-1980." Polity 18 (Spring, 1986): 498-513.

L. LeLoup, Budgetary Politics.

L. LeLoup, "After the Blitz: Reagan and the U. S. Congressional Budget Process," LSQ, Aug. 1982, 321-340.

Louis Fisher, Presidential Spending Power (1975).

Lance LeLoup, The Fiscal Congress: Legislative Control of the Budget (1980).

William Livingston et al, The Presidency and the Congress (1979).

A. Macmahon, "Congressional Oversight of Administration: The Power of the Purse," PSQ, 1943, pp.

R. Penner, ed., The Congressional Budget Process After 5 Years (1981).

James Pfeffener, The President, the Budget and Congress (1979).

Allen Shick, Congress and Money: Budgeting, Spending and Taxing (1980), Reconciliation and the Congressional Budget Process (1981).

Some useful case studies or policy areas studies include (also relevant for next section):

Birnbaum and Murray, Showdown at Gucci Gulch (1987).

Paul Light, Artful Work: The Politics of Social Security Reform (1985)

John Witte, The Politics and the Development of the Federal Income Tax (1985).

J.E. Anderson, ed., Politics and Economic Policy-Making.

M.H. Armacost, Politics of Weapons Innovation.

Stephen Bailey, Congressional Odyssey.

Robert Bauer, I. Pool, and L. Dexter, American Business and Public Policy.

Eugene Eiden Berg and Roy Morey, An Act of Congress.

Daniel Berman, A Bill Becomes A Law.

F. Cleveland, ed., Congress and Urban Problems.

R. Davidson, The Politics of Comprehensive Manpower Legislation.

J. Davies and B. Davies, The Politics of Pollution.

J.C. Donovan, The Politics of Poverty.

A.L. Fritschler, Smoking and Politics.

Allison Griffith, The National Aeronautics and Space Act.

Pat Holt, The War Powers Resolution.

T.R. Marmor, The Politics of Medicare.

D. McLellan and D. Claire, Public Law 480.

D. Moynihan, The Politics of a Guaranteed Income.

Frank Munger and Richard Fenno, National Politics and Federal Aid to Education.

Gary Orfield, Congress and Social Change.

Robert Peabody, et al., To Enact a Law.

James Pfiffner, The President, the Budget and the Congress: Impeachment and the 1974 Budget Act (1979).

L. Pierre, The Politics of Fiscal Policy Formation.

Dennis Prezina and Allen Overmeyer, Congress in Action.

E.S. Redford, Congress Passes the Federal Aviation Act of 1958.

Eric Redman, The Dance of Legislation.

T.R. Reid, Congressional Odyssey.

R.B. Talbot and D.F. Hadweger, The Policy Process in American Agriculture.

Gordon Stevenson, The Politics of Airport Noise.

N. Thomas, Education in National Politics.

Frank Thompson, The Frustration of Politics: Truman, Congress and the Loyalty Issue, 1945-1953.

H. Wolman, Politics of Federal Housing.

VII. Decision-Making (including rules and procedures)

Formal Theory Work

David Baron and John Ferejohn, "Bargaining in Legislatures," APSR 83:4 (December, 1989): 1181-1206.

Richard Smith, "Advocacy, Interpretation, and Influence in Congress," APSR 78:1

(March, 1984): 44-63.

Barry Weingast, "A Rational Choice Perspective on Congressional Norms", AJPS, May 1979, pp. 245-262.

David Koehler, "Ordinal Preference Games: An Analysis of Legislative Coalition Formation Without Transferable Utility," 750- 63.

James Enelow, "A New Theory of Congressional Compromise," APSR 78:3 (September, 1984): 708-18.

David Austen-Smith and William Riker, "Asymmetric Information and the Coherence of Legislation," APSR 81:3 (September, 1987): 897-920.

Arthur Denzau, William Riker, and Kenneth Shepsle, "Farquharson and Fenno: Sophisticated Voting and Home Style," APSR 79:4 (December, 1985): 1117- 1134.

Kenneth Shepsle, "Institutional Arrangements and Equilibrium in Multidimensional Voting Models, AJPS 23 (1979): 27-59.

Kenneth Shepsle and Barry Weingast, "Structure-Induced Equilibrium and Legislative Choice," Public Choice 37 (1981): 503-19.

William Riker, "Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions," APSR 74 (1980): 432-447.

Stanley Bach, "A Game Theoretical Approach to the Legislative Process," Polity, Summer 1972, 479-90.

John Ferejohn and M. Fiorina, "Purposive Models of Legislative Behavior," Amer. Eco. Rev., May 1975, 407-14.

Kenneth Shepsle and B. Weingast, "Political Preferences for the Pork Barrel: A Generalization," AJPS, Feb. 1981, pp. 96-111.

Empirical Work

*Steve Smith, Call To Order: Floor Politics in the House and Senate (1989).

Steve Smith and Stan Bach, Managing Uncertainty in the House of Representatives: Adaptation and Innovation in Special Rules (1988).

K. Kofford, "Dimensions in Roll Call Voting," APSR 83:3 (September, 1989): 949- 64.

Keith Poole, H. Rosenthal, and K. Kofford, "On Demensionalizing Roll Call Votes in the U.S. Congress," APSR 85:3 (September, 1991): 955-82.

Keith Poole and Steven Daniels, "Ideology, Party, and Voting in the U.S. Congress, APSR 79:2 (June, 1985): 400-414.

Richard Carson and Joe Oppenheimer, "A Method of Estimating the Personal Ideology of Political Representatives," APSR 78:1 (March, 1984): 163-78.

J. Asher and H. Weisberg, "Voting Change in Congress", AJPS, May 1978, 391-425.

Herbert Asher, Freshman Representatives and the Learning of Voting Cues (Sage Paper, 1973).

H. Asher and H. Weisberg, "Voting Change in Congress: Some Dynamic Perspectives on an Evolutionary Process, AJPS, May 1978.

Stanley Bach, "Germaneness Rules and Bicameral Relations in the U.S.Congress," LSQ, Aug. 1982, pp. 415-422.

Robert Bartlett, "Marginality Hypothesis: Electoral Insecurity, Self Interest, and Voting Behavior," American Politics Quarterly, April 1979, pp. 198-224.

Robert Bendinar, Obstacle Course on Capitol Hill.

Peter Benson and D. Williams, Religion on Capitol Hill (1982).

Robert Bernstein and William Anthony, "The ABM Issue in the Senate: The Importance of Ideology," APSR, September 1974, 1198-1206.

Paul Burstein, 'Attitudinal, Demographic and Electoral Components of Legislative Change: Senate Voting on Civil Rights," Sociology and Social Research, Jan. 1980, pp. 221-235.

Thomas Cavanough, "The Calculus of Representation," WPQ, Mar., 1982, pp. 12-129.

Cleo Cherryholmes and M. Shapiro, Representatives and Roll Calls (1969).

David Kovenock, "Influence in the U.S. House: A Statistical Analyses of Communications," APQ, Oct. 1973, 407-464.

Aage, R. Clausen and C. VanHorn, "The Congressional Response to a Decade of Change: 1963-1972: JP, August, 1977.

Thomas Hammond and J. Fraser, "What Roll Calls Should We Exclude from Conservative Calculations?", May, 1982, LSQ, pp. 423-434.

Frank Cummings, Capitol Hill Manual (1976)

James Enlow and David Koehler, '"The Amendment in Legislative Strategy: Sophisticated Voting in the U.S. Congress," JP 1980.

Kathleen Frankovic, "Sex and Voting in the U.S. House, 1961-1975," APQ, July, 1982, pp. 315-330.

Lewis Froman, Congressional Process (1967).

Donald Gross, "Measuring Legislators' Policy Positions", APQ, October 1979.

John Jackson, "Statistical Models of Senate Roll Call Voting", APSR, June, 1971, 451-470.

J. Robert Keiser and W. Jones, "Congressional Cohorts and Voting Patterns," APQ, July, 1982, pp. 375-384.

*John Kingdom, "Models of Legislative Voting" Journal of Politics, August 1977.

David Kozak, Contexts of Congressional Decision-Making (1983).

David Kozak, "Decision-Making on Roll Call Votes in the House," Congress and Pres., vol, 9, #2.

Wayne Mayer, "House Voting on Defense: An Ideological Explanation" in B. Russet and A. Stephan, eds, Military Force and American Society.

Katheriene Meyer, "Legislative Influence: Toward Theory Development through Causal Analyses," LSQ, Nov. 1980, pp. 563-586.

Walter Oleszek, Congressional Procedures and the Policy Process 3rd ed. (1989).

David Olson, The Politics of Legislation: A Congressional Simulation (1976).

James Rosenau, "Private Preferences, Political Responsibilities, and the Relative Potency of Role and Psychological Variables in the Behavior of U.S. Senators," in J. David Singer, ed., Quantitative International Politics.

Jerrold Schneider, "Analyzing Votes in Congress" in D. Kozak and J. Macartney, eds., Congress and Public Policy.

Jack R. Van Der Slik and S. Pernacciaso, "Office Ambitions and Voting Behavior in the U.S. Senate: A Longitudinal Study", APQ, April 1979, pp. 198-224.

James Stimson, "Five Propositions about Congressional Decision-Making", Political Methodology, Aug. 1975, 415-436.

Donald Matthews and James Stimson, Yeas and Nays (1975).

Gerald S. Strom, "Congressional Policy Making: A Test of a Theory" JP, August 1975.

J. Uniekes, "From Committee to Floor: Consistency in Congressional Voting" JP, August 1978.

Eric Uslaner and R. Weber, Patterns of Decision Making in State Legislatures (1977).

*Herbert Weisberg, "Evaluating Theories of Congressional Roll-Call Voting," AJPS, Aug. 1978, 554-77.

E.F. Willet, How Are Laws Made? (U.S. Gov't. Printing Office, 1980).

R. Wolfinger, "Filibusters: Majority Rule, Presidential Leadership, and Senate Norms," in Nelson Polsby, ed., Congressional Behavior.

VIII. Toward and Assessment of Congress (including literature in reform and recent changes)

R. Davidson. "The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946." LSQ 25 (August, 1990): 357-73.

W. Kravitz. "The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970." LSQ 25 (August, 1990): 375-99.

Samuel Huntington, "Congressional Responses to the 20th Century," in The Congress and America's Future, ed. David B. Truman (1965).

Abdo Baaklini and James Heaphey, Comparative Legislative Reforms and Innovations (1977).

Philip Brenner, "Congressional Reform," Harvard Journal of Legislation, April 1977, pp. 651-81.

Philip Brenner, "Congressional Reform: Analyzing the Analysts," Harvard Journal on Legislation, Apr. 1977, pp. 395-401.

James Burnham, Congress and the American Tradition.

James M. Burns, Congress on Trial.

James M. Burns, Deadlock of Democracy.

Joseph Clark, Congress - The Sapless Branch.

Joseph Clark, Congressional Reform.

R. Davidson, Congress Against Itself.

Roger Davidson, et. al., Congress in Crisis: Politics and Congressional Reform. APSA, "Toward a More Responsible Two-Party System," APSR, 1950, supplement.

L. Epstein, "What Happened to the British Party Model?" APSR Mar. 1980, 9-22.

Daniel Feldman, Reforming Government (1981)

M. Green, et al., Who Runs Congress?.

N. Ornstein and D. Rhode, "Political Parties and Congressional Reform" in Jeff Fishel, ed., Parties and Elections in an Anti-Party Age.

S. Patterson, "The Semi-Sovereign Congress" in A. King, ed., The New American Political System.

D. Pearson and J. Anderson, The Case Against Congress.

Richard Pious, The Power to Govern.

N. Polsby, "Strengthening Congress in National Policy Making" in Polsby, ed., Congressional Behavior.

Leroy Rieselbach, ed. Legislative Reform (1978).

Policy Studies Journal, Summer 1977 (Practically whole issued is devoted to a "Symposium" on Legislative Reform).

Joseph Saloma, Congress and the New Politics.

Susan Welch and John G. Peters, eds., Legislative Reform and Public Policy (1977).