NOTE: This syllabus is subject to change.

This course is intended to introduce students to empirical research on courts and judicial process. While the bulk of the course will focus on the U.S. Supreme Court, some time will be devoted to state courts and federal courts below the U.S. Supreme Court as well as on some comparative topics. The course is to be conducted as a seminar, and its success depends upon participants having read the assigned material before class.

In addition to seminar participation, graduate students are required to complete a significant research project. Within the first three weeks of the semester students should turn in a one page proposal, describing what they want to look at and how they plan to do so. At the end of week 6, students must turn in a 7-10 page detailed research design by the end of week 6; an outline showing what this must contain will be provided. A first draft of the completed paper must be turned in at the end of week 12; I will comment on and return the first drafts within one week (hopefully quicker). A final, revised version of the paper is due at the end of the examination week. I will give an automatic extension through the end of May to students who so desire it; however, extensions beyond that date will be given only for reasons of illness of family medical emergency.

Law students and undergraduates may substitute a detailed, critical bibliographic essay for the research paper. The schedule will be similar to that for the research paper. Within the first three weeks, a one page proposal should be submitted; at the end of week 6 a bibliography should be submitted. A first draft is due at the end of week 12, and a final draft no later than May 31.

This course assumes a basic familiarity with the structure and operation of American courts. Students who do not have this background should plan to read the following as soon as possible (any of the last three editions of the listed books is okay):

• Lawrence Baum, American Courts: Process and Policy.
• David M. O'Brien, Storm Center: The Supreme Court in American Politics.

Copies of most of the assigned articles and book chapters should be available electronically mostly through standard online sources such as JSTOR, Hein-on-Line, or publisher databases; for some items, it may be necessary to track down journals in the Law Library stacks. In the required readings, I have indicated the source where these can be found using the following codes after the item (and I have included the link to the source):

• J: JSTOR
• H: Hein-on-Line
• S: Blackwell Synergy
• I: Ingenta
• R: Law School Electronic Reserves (access via my.wisc.edu)

Some items are available through SSRN; those show with a link to the abstract appearing as a link for the entire item. For a few items, I have put them up on my website; for those the entire item shows as a link. Many of these are password protected PDF files; I will tell you the password in class.

We will read most or all of the following books:

• Robert Kagan, Adversarial Legalism: The American Way of Law (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001).
• Lawrence Rosen, The Anthropology of Law: Law as Culture in Islamic Society (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989)
• Lawrence Baum, The Puzzle of Judicial Behavior (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997).
• Lee Epstein and Jeffrey A. Segal, Advice and Consent: The Politics of Judicial Appointments (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).
• Nancy Scherer, Scoring Points: Politicians, Activists, and the Lower Federal Court Appointment Process (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005)
• Howard Gillman, The Constitution Besieged: The Rise and Demise of Lochner Era Police Powers Jurisprudence (Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1993).
• Jeffrey A. Segal and Harold J. Spaeth, The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
• H.W. Perry, Jr., Deciding to Decide: Agenda Setting in the United States Supreme Court (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991).

If you expect to be working in the area of judicial process in the future, I would recommend buying the following book (we will read several chapters from it):

• Nancy Maveety (ed.), The Pioneers of Judicial Behavior (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003).
  
  

COURSE OUTLINE AND ASSIGNMENTS

Week	Topic & Reading
1 Jan. 17	ROLE OF LAW IN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY
	Reading: Robert Kagan, Adversarial Legalism (entire) Lawrence Rosen, Anthropology of Justice, pp. 1-57
	Other items of interest: Keith E. Whittington. 2005. “'Interpose Your Friendly Hand': Political Supports for the Exercise of Judicial Review by the United States Supreme Court.” 99 American Political Science Review 583-596. Patricia Ewick and Susan S. Silbey. 1998. The Common Place of Law: Stories from Everyday Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Thomas F. Burke. 2002. Lawyers, Lawsuits, and Legal Rights: The Battle over Litigation in American Society. Berkeley: University of California Press. Austin Sarat. 1990. "'. . . The Law Is All Over': Power, Resistance and the Legal Consciousness of the Welfare Poor." 2 Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities 343-379. Howard Gillman. 2001.The Votes That Counted: How the Court Decided the 2000 Presidential Election. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bradley C Canon. 1983. "Defining the Dimensions of Judicial Activism." 66 Judicature 236-246. Charles R. Shipan. 1997. Designing Judicial Review: Interest Groups, Congress, and Communications Policy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Ronald Dworkin. 1986. Law's Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 355-399. Marc Galanter. 1974. "Why the Haves Come Out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change." 9 Law & Society Review 95-160. James Willard Hurst. 1950. The Growth of American Law. Boston: Little, Brown, pp. 170-195. James Willard Hurst. 1980-81. "The Functions of Courts in the United States: 1950-1980." 15 Law & Society Review 401-471. Martin Shapiro. 1995. "The United States." Pp. 43-66 in C. Neal Tate and Torbjörn Vallinder (eds.), The Global Expansion of Judicial Power. New York: New York University Press. Elliot E. Slotnick. 1987. "The Place of Judicial Review in the American Tradition: The Emergence of an Eclectic Power." 71 Judicature 68-79.
2 Jan. 24	WHAT DO JUDGES DO?
	Readings: Lawrence Baum, Puzzle of Judicial Behavior (entire) Lawrence Rosen, Anthropology of Justice, pp. 58-79.
	Other items of interest: Martin Shapiro. 1993. "Public Law and Judicial Process." Pp. 364-381 in Ada W. Finifter (ed.), Political Science: The State of the Discipline II. Washington: American Political Science Association. Martin Shapiro. 1981. Courts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Martin Shapiro .1964. “Political Jurisprudence.” 52 Kentucky Law Journal 294-345. Rogers Smith. 1988. "Political Jurisprudence, the 'New Institutionalism,' and the Future of Public Law," 82 American Political Science Review 89-108. John Paul Ryan, Allan Ashman, Bruce D. Sales, and Sandra Shane-Dubow. 1980. American Trial Judges: Their Work Styles and Performance. New York: Free Press.
3 Jan. 31	JUDICIAL STRUCTURES AND LEGAL PLURALISM
	Readings: Craig F. Emmert and Carol Ann Traut. 1992. “State Supreme Courts, State Constitutions, and Judicial Policymaking.” 16 Justice System Journal 37-48. H Michael E. Solimine. 2002. “Judicial Federalism After Bush v. Gore: Some Observations.” 23 Justice System Journal 45-56. H Sally Engle Merry. 1988. “Legal Pluralism.” 22 Law & Society Review 869-896. R Justin B. Richland. 2005. “"What Are You Going to Do with the Village's Knowledge?" Talking Tradition, Talking Law in Hopi Tribal Court.” 39 Law & Society Review 235-272. S Carole Goldberg. 2000. “A Law of their Own: Native Challenges to American Law.” 25 Law and Social Inquiry 263-84. [coming to R] Elizabeth E. Joh. 2000. "Custom, Tribal Court Practice, and Popular Justice." 25 American Indian Law Review 117-132. H Boaventura DeSousa Santos. 2006. “The Heterogeneous State and Legal Pluralism in Mozambique.” 40 Law & Society Review 40-76. Marc Galanter and Jayanth K. Krishnan. 2004. “Bread for the Poor: Access to Justice and the Rights of the Needy in India.” 55 Hastings Law Journal 789-834. [also available on H]
	Other items of interest: Deborah J. Barrow and Thomas G. Walker. 1988. A Court Divided: The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals and the Politics of Judicial Reform. New Haven: Yale University Press. Sally J. Kenney. 2003. “United Kingdom's Judicial System Undergoes Major Reform.” 87 Judicature 79-82. Shirley S. Abrahamson and Diane S. Gutmann. 1987. “The New Federalism: State Constitutions and State Courts.” 71 Judicature 88-99. G. Alan Tarr and Mary Cornelia Aldis Porter. 1988. State Supreme Courts in State and Nation. New Haven: Yale. Michael E. Solimine and James L. Walker. 1999. Respecting State Courts: The Inevitability of Judicial Federalism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Heather Douglas. 2005. “Customary Law, Sentencing and the Limits of the State.” 20 Canadian Journal of Law & Society Andreas Buss. 2004. “Dual Legal Systems and the Basic Structure Doctrine of Constitutions: The Case of India.” 19 Canadian Journal of Law & Society Yosh Ghai. 1991. "The Role of Law in Transition of Societies: The African Experience." 35 Journal of African Law 8-20. Aase Gundersen. 1992 "Popular Justice in Mozambique: Between the State Law and Folk Law." 1 Social and Legal Studies 257-282.
4 Feb. 7	STAFFING CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS
	Readings: Lee Epstein and Jeffrey A. Segal. 2005. Advice and Consent: The Politics of Judicial Appointments. New York: Oxford University Press. Peter McCormick. 2005. “Selecting the Supremes: The Appointment of Judges to the Supreme Court of Canada.” 7 Journal of Appellate Practice and Process 1-42. R
	Other items of interest: Henry J. Abraham. 1992. Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court. [3rd Edition] New York: Oxford University Press. Stephanie A. Lindquist, David A. Yalof, and John A. Clark. 2000. “The Impact of Presidential Appointments to the U.S. Supreme Court: Cohesive and Divisive Voting within Presidential Blocs.” 53 Political Research Quarterly 795-814. Toni Morrison (ed.), Race-ing Justice, En-Gendering Power: Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Construction of Social Reality (1992). Barbara A. Perry and Henry J. Abraham. 1998. "A 'Representative' Supreme Court? The Thomas, Ginsburg, and Breyer Appointments." 81 Judicature 158-167. Jeffrey A. Segal., Charles H. Cameron, and Albert D. Cover. 1992. "A Spatial Model of Roll Call Voting: Senators, Constituents, Presidents, and Interest Groups in Supreme Court Confirmations." 36 American Journal of Political Science 96-121. Jeffrey A. Segal, Richard J. Timpone, and Robert M. Howard. 2000. “Buyer Beware? Presidential Success through Supreme Court Appointments.” 53 Political Research Quarterly 557-595. George L. Watson and John A., Stookey. 1995. Shaping America: The Politics of Supreme Court Appointments. New York: Harper Collins. David Yalof. 1999. Pursuit of Justices: Presidential Politics and the Selection of Supreme Court Nominess. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Lawrence Baum. 1998. "Recruitment and the Motivations of Supreme Court Justices." Pp. 201-213 in Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman (eds), Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Charles M. Cameron, Albert D. Cover, and Jeffrey A. Segal. 1990. "Senate Voting on Supreme Court Nominees: A Neoinstitutional Model." 84 American Political Science Review 525-534. Gregory A. Caldeira and John R. Wright. 1998. "Lobbying for Justice: Organized Interests, Supreme Court Nominations, and the United States Senate." 42 American Journal of Political Science 499-523. John A. Maltese. 1995. The Selling of Supreme Court Nominees. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, pp. 36-69. Byron J. Moraski J. and Charles R. Shipan. 1999. “The Politics of Supreme Court Nominations: A Theory of Institutional Constraints and Choices.” 43 American Journal of Political Science 1069-95. Michael Comiskey. 2003. Seeking Justices: The Judging of Supreme Court Nominees. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press. Kate Malleson and Peter Russell [eds.]. 2006. Appointing Judges in the Age of Judicial Power: Critical Perspectives. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. [scheduled to be published May 2006] Lee Epstein, René Lindstädt, Jeffrey A. Segal, and Chad Westerland. 2006. “The Changing Dynamics of Senate Voting on Supreme Court Nominees.” Journal of Politics forthcoming. Lee Epstein, Jack Knight, and Andrew D. Martin. 2003. “The Norm of Prior Judicial Experience and Its Consequences for Career Diversity on the U.S. Supreme Court.” 91 California Law Review 903-965.
5 Feb. 14	STAFFING THE LOWER COURTS
	Reading: Nancy Scherer. 2005. Scoring Points: Politicians, Activists, and the Lower Federal Court Appointment Process. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Melinda Gann Hall. 2001. “State Supreme Courts in American Democracy: Probing the Myths of Judicial Reform.” 95 American Political Science Review 315-30. J Philip L. Dubois. 1979. “The Significance of Voting Cues in State Supreme Court Elections.” 13 Law & Society Review 757-779. Melinda Gann Hall and Chris W. Bonneau. 2006. “Does Quality Matter? Challengers in State Supreme Court Elections.” 50 American Journal of Political Science 20-33. Sally Kenney, "Gender on the Agenda: How the Gender of Judges Becomes a Political Issue in England and Wales." unpublished. Eli Salzberger and Paul Fenn. 1999. “Judicial Independence: Some Evidence from the English Court of Appeal.” Journal of Law and Economics 831-847. Frank K. Upham. 2005. “Political Lackeys or Faithful Public Servants? Two Views of the Japanese Judiciary [Review Essay].” 30 Law & Social Inquiry 421-455.
	Other items of interest: Sheldon Goldman. 1997. Picking Federal Judges: Lower Court Selection from Roosevelt through Reagan. New Haven: Yale University Press. Harold W. Chase. 1972. Federal Judges: The Appointing Process. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Neil D. McFeeley. 1987. Appointment of Judges--the Johnson Presidency. Austin: University of Texas Press. Philip Dubois. 1990. “The Politics of Innovation in State Courts: The Merit Plan of Judicial Selection.” 20 Publius 23-42. Philip L. Dubois. 1980. From Bench to Ballot: Judicial Elections and the Quest for Accountability. Austin: University of Texas Press. Chris W. Bonneau. 2005. “Electoral Verdicts: Incumbent Defeats in State Supreme Court Elections.” 33 American Politics Research 818-841. Philip Dubois. 1979. "Voter Turnout in State Judicial Elections: An Analysis of the Tail on the Electoral Kite." 41 Journal of Politics 865-887. Craig F. Emmert and Henry R. Glick. 1988. "The Selection of State Supreme Court Justices." 16 American Politics Quarterly 445-465. Deborah J. Barrow, Gary Zuk, and Gerard S. Gryski. 1996. The Federal Judiciary and Institutional Change. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Henry R. Gllick and Craig F. Emmert. 1987. "Selection Systems and Judicial Characteristics: The Recruitment of State Supreme Court Judges." 70 Judicature 228-235. Daniel R. Pinello. 1995. The Impact of Judicial-Selection Method on State-Supreme-Court Policy: Innovation, Reaction, and Atrophy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Burton M. Atkins and Henry R. Glick. 1974. “Formal Judicial Recruitment and State Supreme Court Decisions.” 2 American Politics Quarterly 427-449. Bradley C. Canon. 1972. “The Impact of Formal Selection Processes on the Characteristics of Judges--Reconsidered.” 6 Law & Society Review 579-593. Charles H. Sheldon. and Linda S. Maule. 1997. Choosing Justice: The Recruitment of State and Federal Judges. Pullman: Washington State University Press. C. Neal Tate. 1975. “Paths to the Bench in Britain: A Quasi-Experimental Study of the Recruitment of a Judicial Elite.” 28 Western Political Quarterly 108-129. Burton M. Atkins. 1988-89. “Judicial Selection in Context: The American and English Experience.” 77 Kentucky Law Review 577-618. Masaki Abe. 1995. “The Internal Control of a Bureaucratic Judiciary: The Case of Japan.” 23 International Journal of the Sociology of Law 303-320. J. Mark Ramseyer and Eric B. Rasmusen. 2003. Measuring Judicial Independence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kathleen A. Bratton and Rorie L. Spill. 2002. “Existing Diversity and Judicial Selection: The Role of the Appointment Method in Establishing Gender Diversity in State Supreme Courts.” 83 Social Science Quarterly 504-518. Kathleen A. Bratton and Rorie L. Spill. 2004. “Moving Up the Judicial Ladder: The Nomination of State Supreme Court Justices to the Federal Courts.” 32 American Politics Research 198-218. Fred B. Burnside. 1999. “Dying to Get Elected: A Challenge to Jury Override.” 1999 Wisconsin Law Review 1017-49. Note that there is a very large literature on judicial selection in the U.S. If you are interested in this area, I can direct you to other items.
6 Feb. 21	COURT AGENDAS
	Reading: H.W. Perry, Jr. 1991. Deciding to Decide: Agenda Setting in the United States Supreme Court. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Gregory A.Caldeira and John R. Wright. 1990. "The Discuss List: Agenda Building in the Supreme Court." 24 Law & Society Review 807-837. R Gregory A.Caldeira and John R. Wright. 1988. "Organized Interests and Agenda Setting in the U.S. Supreme Court." 82 American Political Science Review 1109-1128. J Charles R. Epp. 1996. “Do Bills of Rights Matter? The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.” 90 American Political Science Review 765-779. J Roy B. Flemming and Glen S. Krutz. 2002. “Selecting Appeals for Judicial Review in Canada: A Replication and Multivariate Test of American Hypotheses.” 64 Journal of Politics 232-48. J
	Other items of interest: Howard Gillman. 2002. “How Political Parties Can Use the Courts to Advance Their Agendas: Federal Courts in the United States, 1875-1891.” 96 American Political Science Review 511-24. Jeff Yates, Andrew B Whitford, and William Gillespie. 2005. “Agenda Setting, Issue Priorities and Organizational Maintenance: The US Supreme Court, 1955 to 1994.” 35 British Journal of Political Science 357-368. Gregory A.Caldeira., John R. Wright, and Christopher J.W. Zorn. 1999. “Sophisticated Voting and Gate-Keeping in the Supreme Court.” 15 Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 549-572. Charles R. Epp. 1998. "External Pressure and the Supreme Court's Agenda." Pp. 255-279 in Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman (eds), Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Richard L. Pacelle., Jr. 1995. "The Dynamics of Agenda Change in the Rehnquist Court." Pp. 251-274 in Lee Epstein (ed.), Contemplating Courts. Washington: CQ Press. Saul Brenner and John F. Krol. 1989. "Strategies in Certiorari Voting on the United States Supreme Court." 51 Journal of Politics 828-840. Charles R. Epp. 1998. The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kevin T. McGuire. 1994. “Amici Curiae and Strategies for Gaining Access to the Supreme Court.” 47 Political Research Quarterly 821-837. David M. O'Brien. 1997. "The Rehnquist Court's Shrinking Plenary Docket." 81 Judicature 58-65. Richard L. Pacelle, Jr. 1991. The Transformation of the Supreme Court's Agenda: From the New Deal to the Reagan Administration. Boulder: Westview Press. Doris Marie Provine. 1980. Case Selection in the United States Supreme Court. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Joseph Tanenhaus, et al. 1963. "The Supreme Court's Certiorari Jurisdiction: Cue Theory." Pp. 111-132 in Glendon Schubert (ed.), Judicial Decision Making. New York: Free Press. Roy B. Flemming and Glen S. Krutz. 2002. “Repeat Litigators and Agenda Setting on the Supreme Court of Canada.” 35 Canadian Journal of Political Science Roy B. Flemming. 2004. Tournament of Appeals: Granting Judicial Review in Canada. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Vanessa A. Baird. 2004. “The Effect of Politically Salient Decisions on the U.S. Supreme Court's Agenda.” 66 Journal of Politics 755-772. Jeff Yates, Andrew B Whitford, and William Gillespie. 2005. “Agenda Setting, Issue Priorities and Organizational Maintenance: The US Supreme Court, 1955 to 1994.” 35 British Journal of Political Science 357-368. Drew Noble Lanier. 2003. Of Time and Judicial Behavior:United States Supreme Court Agenda-Setting and Decision-Making, 1888-1997. Selinsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press.
7 Feb. 28	DECISION-MAKING: THE ATTITUDINAL MODEL
	Reading: Lawrence Baum. 2003. “C. Herman Pritchett: Innovator with an Ambiguous Legacy,” in N. Maveety, ed., The Pioneers of Judicial Behavior. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Jeffrey A. Segal. 2003. “Glendon Schubert: The Judicial Mind,” in N. Maveety, ed., The Pioneers of Judicial Behavior. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Jeffrey A. Segal and Harold J. Spaeth. 2002. The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited . New York: Cambridge University Press. Review symposium of original edition, in 4 Law and Courts 3-11 (1994). C. L. Ostberg and Matthew Wetstein. 1998. “Dimensions of Attitudes Underlying Search and Seizure Decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada.” 31 Canadian Journal of Political Science 767-87. J or R
	Other items of interest: Thomas M. Keck. 2004. The Most Activist Supreme Court in History: The Road to Modern Judicial Conservatism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Harold J. Spaeth. 2005. "Chief Justice Rehnquist: 'Poster Child' for the Attitudinal Model." 89 Judicature 108-115. Lawrence Baum. 1992. "Membership Change and Collective Voting Change in the United States Supreme Court." 54 Journal of Politics 3-24. Lee Epstein, Valerie Hoekstra, Jeffrey A. Segal, and Harold J. Spaeth. 1998. "Do Political Preferences Change? A Longitudinal Study of U.S. Supreme Court Justices." 60 Journal of Politics 801-818. Andrew D. Martin and Kevin M. Quinn. 2002. “Dynamic Ideal Point Estimation via Markov Chain Monte Carlo for the U.S. Supreme Court, 1953-1999.” 10 Political Analysis 134-153. Lawrence Baum. 1988. "Measuring Policy Change in the U.S. Supreme Court." 82 American Political Science Review 905-914. Joel B. Grossman and and Joseph Tananhaus (eds.). 1969. Frontiers of Judicial Research. New York: John Wiley. Timothy M. Hagle and Harold J. Spaeth. 1991. "Voting Fluidity and the Attitudinal Model of Supreme Court Decision Making." 44 Western Political Quarterly 114-128. David Rohde and Harold Spaeth. 1976. Supreme Court Decision Making. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. Glendon Schubert. The Judicial Mind: Attitudes and Ideologies of Supreme Court Justices. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. Jeffrey A. Segal and Albert D. Cover. 1989. "Ideological Values and the Votes of U.S. Supreme Court Justices." 83 American Political Science Review 557-566. Jeffrey A. Segal, Lee Epstein, Charles M. Cameron, and Harold J. Spaeth. 1995. "Ideological Values and the Votes of U.S. Supreme Court Justices Revisited." 57 Journal of Politics 812-823. Harold J. Spaeth. 1979. Supreme Court Policy Making: Explanation and Prediction. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. David Feldman. 1990. “Public Law Values in the House of Lords.” 106 Law Quarterly Review 246-276. Alan Paterson. 1982. The Law Lords. London: Macmillan. C. Neal Tate and Roger Handberg. 1991. "Time Binding and Theory Building in Personal Attribute Models of Supreme Court Voting Behavior, 1916-1988." 35 American Journal of Political Science 460-480. C. L. Ostberg, Matthew E. Wetstein, and Craig R. Ducat. 2002. “Attitudinal Dimensions of Supreme Court Decision Making in Canada: The Lamer Court, 1991-1995.” 55 Political Research Quarterly 235-56. C. Neal Tate and Panu Sittiwong. 1989. “Decision Making in the Canadian Supreme Court: Extending the Personal Attributes Model across Nations.” 51 Journal of Politics 917-932. C. Neal Tate. 1972. “Social Background and Voting Behavior in the Philippine Supreme Court.” 3 Lawasia 317-338.
8 March 7	DECISION-MAKING: THE LEGAL MODEL
	Reading: Jeffrey A. Segal and Harold J. Spaeth. 2002. The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited . New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 279-311. Howard Gillman. 2001. “What Has Law Got to Do With It?” 26 Law & Social Inquiry 465-504. Herbert M. Kritzer. 2003. “Anticipating the New Institutionalism: The Pioneering Work of Martin Shapiro,” in N. Maveety, ed., The Pioneers of Judicial Behavior. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Knight, Jack and Lee Epstein. 1996. "The Norm of Stare Decisis." 40 American Journal of Political Science 1018-1035. J Howard Gillman. 1993. The Constitution Besieged: The Rise and Demise of Lochner Era Police Powers Jurisprudence. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. Mark J. Richards and Herbert M. Kritzer. 2002. “Jurisprudential Regimes in Supreme Court Decision Making.” 96 American Political Science Review 305-20. Stephanie Lindquist and David Klein. 2006. "The Influence of Jurisprudential Considerations on Supreme Court Decision Making: A Study of Conflict Cases." 40 Law & Society Review 135-161.
	Other items of interest: Julie Novkov. 2001. Constituting Workers, Protecting Women: Gender, Law, and Labor in the Progressive Era and New Deal Years. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Bork, Robert H. 1990. The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law. New York: Simon & Schuster. Brenner, Saul and Harold J. Spaeth. 1995. Stare Indecisis: The Alteration of Precedent on the Supreme Court, 1946-1992. New York: Cambridge University Press. Gillman, Howard. 1998. "The Court as an Idea, Not a Building (or a Game): Interpretive Institutionalism and the Analysis of Supreme Court Decision-Making," Pp. 65-87 in Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman (eds), Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Ely, John Hart. 1980. Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. George, Tracy and Lee Epstein. 1992. "On the Nature of Supreme Court Decision Making." 86 American Political Science Review 323-337. Jeffrey A. Segal, Jeffrey A. and Harold J. Spaeth. 1996. "The Influence of Stare Decisis on the Votes of U.S. Supreme Court Justices." 40 American Journal of Political Science 971-1003. Brisbin, Richard A. 1996. "Slaying the Dragon, Segal, Spaeth and the Function of Law in Supreme Court Decision Making." 40 American Journal of Political Science 1004-1017. Brenner, Saul and Marc Stier. 1996. "Retesting Segal and Spaeth's Stare Decisis Model." 40 American Journal of Political Science 1036-1048. Songer, Donald R. and Stefanie A. Lindquist. 1996. "Not the Whole Story: The Impact of Justices' Values on Supreme Court Decision Making." 40 American Journal of Political Science 1049-1063. Segal, Jeffrey A. and Harold J. Spaeth. 1996. "Norms, Dragons, and Stare Decisis: A Response." 40 American Journal of Political Science 1064-1082. Epstein, Lee and Joseph F. Kobylka. 1992. The Supreme Court and Legal Change: Abortion and the Death Penalty. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 1-33, 299-312. Segal, Jeffrey A. 1984. "Predicting Supreme Court Cases Probabilistically: The Search and Seizure Cases, 1962-1981. 78 American Political Science Review 891-900. Spaeth, Harold J. and Jeffrey A. Segal. 1999. Majority Rule or Minority Will: Adherence to Precedence on the U.S. Supreme Court. New York: Cambridge University Press. Ronald Kahn. 1998. "Institutional Norms and Supreme Court Decision-Making: The Rehnquist Court on Privacy and Religion," Pp. 175-198 in Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman (eds), Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. James F. Spriggs, II, and Thomas G. Hansford, 2001, “Explaining the Overruling of U.S. Supreme Court Precedent.” 63 Journal of Politics 1091-1111. Herbert M. Kritzer and Mark J. Richards. 2005. “The Influence of Law in the Supreme Court's Search-and-Seizure Jurisprudence.” 33 American Politics Research 33-55. Herbert M. Kritzer and Mark J. Richards. 2003. “Jurisprudential Regimes and Supreme Court Decisionmaking: The Lemon Regime and Establishment Clause Cases.” 37 Law & Society Review 827-840.
9 Mar. 21	DECISION-MAKING: STRATEGIC APPROACHES
	Reading: Lee Epstein and Jack Knight. 2003. “Walter F. Murphy: The Interactive Nature of Judicial Decision Making,” in N. Maveety, ed., The Pioneers of Judicial Behavior. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Lee Epstein and Jack Knight. 2000. “Toward a Strategic Revolution in Judicial Politics: A Look Back, A Look Ahead.” 53 Political Research Quarterly 625-661. J Forrest Maltzman and Paul Wahlbeck. 1996. "Strategic Policy Considerations and Voting Fluidity on the Burger Court." 90 American Political Science Review 581-592. J Jeffrey A. Segal and Harold J. Spaeth. 2002. The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited . New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 326-351 Paul Wahlbeck, Paul, James Spriggs, and Forrest Maltzman. 1998. "Marshalling the Court: Bargaining and Accomodation on the U.S. Supreme Court." 42 American Journal of Political Science 294-315. J Georg Vanberg. 2001. “Legislative-Judicial Relations: A Game-Theoretic Approach to Constitutional Review.” 45 American Journal of Political Science 346-61. J Mario Begara, Barak Richman, and Pablo Spiller. 2003. “Modeling Supreme Court Strategic Decison Making: The Congressional Constraint.” 28 Legislative Studies Quarterly 246-280. Pablo T. Spiller and Rafel Gely. 1992. “Congressional Control or Judicial Independence: The Determinants of U.S. Supreme Court Labor-Relations Decisions, 1949-1988.” 23 RAND Journal of Economics 463-492. J Jack Knight and Lee Epstein. 1996. “On the Struggle for Judicial Supremacy.” 30 Law & Society Review 87-120. R
	Other items of interest: Douglas G. Baird, Robert Gerner, and Randal C. Picker. 1995. Game Theory and the Law. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Walter F. Murphy. 1964. Elements of Judicial Strategy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Jeffrey A. Segal. 1997. “Separation-of-Powers Games in the Positive Theory of Congress and Courts.” 91 American Political Science Review 28-44. Lee Epstein and Jack Knight. 1998. The Choices Judges Make. Washington: CQ Press. Forrest Maltzman, Forrest, James F. Spriggs II, and Paul J. Wahlbeck. 2000. Crafting Law on the Supreme Court: The Collegial Game. New York: Cambridge University Press. Thomas H. Hammond, Chris W. Bonneau, and Reginald S. Sheehan. 2005. Strategic Behavior and Policy Choice on the U.S. Supreme Court. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Robert H. Dorff and Saul Brenner. 1992. "Conformity Voting on the United States Supreme Court." 54 Journal of Politics 762-775. Forrest Maltzman and Paul J. Wahlbeck. 1996. "May It Please the Chief? Opinion Assignments in the Rehnquist Court." 40 American Journal of Political Science 421-443. Forrest Maltzman, James F. Spriggs II, and Paul J. Wahlbeck. 1998. "Strategy and Judicial Choice: New Institutionalist Approaches to Supreme court Decision-Making." Pp. 43-63 in Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman (eds), Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Edward P. Schwartz. 1992. “Policy, Precedent, and Power: A Positive Theory of Supreme Court Decision Making.” 8 Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 219-252. Steven Brams. and Douglas Muzzio. 1977. “Unanimity in the Supreme Court: A Game-Theoretic Explanation in the White House Tapes Case.” 32 Public Choice 67-83. William N. Eskridge, Jr. 1991. "Reneging on History? Playing the Court/Congress/President Civil Rights Game." 79 California Law Review 613-684. William N. Eskridge, Jr. 1988. "Politics without Romance: Implications of Public Choice Theory for Statutory Interpretation." 74 Virginia Law Review 275-338. William N. Eskridge. 1991. “Overriding Supreme Court Statutory Interpretation Decisions.” 101 Yale Law Journal 331-456. John A. Ferejohn and Barry R. Weingast. 1992. "Limitation of Statutes: Strategic Statutory Interpretation." 80 Georgetown Law Journal 565-582. John A. Ferejohn and Barry R. Weingast. 1992. "A Positive Thoery of Statutory Interpretation." 12 International Review of Law and Economics 263-279. McNollgast. 1995. “Politics and the Courts: A Positive Theory of Judicial Doctrine and the Rule of Law.” 68 Southern California Law Review 1631-1689. James R. Rogers. 1999. “Legislative Incentives and Two-tiered Judicial Review: A Game Theoretic Reading of Carolene Products Footnote Four.” 43 American Journal of Political Science 1096-121. James R. Rogers, James R. 2001. “Information and Judicial Review: A Signaling Game of Legislative-Judicial Interaction.” 45 American Journal of Political Science 84-99. Pablo T. Spiller and Matthew L Spitzer. 1992. “Judicial Choice of Legal Doctrines.” 8 Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 8-46. Mario Begara, Barak Richman, and Pablo Spiller. 2003. “Modeling Supreme Court Strategic Decison Making: The Congressional Constraint.” 28 Legislative Studies Quarterly 246-280. Robert Lowry Clinton. 1994. “Game Theory, Legal History, and the Origins of Judicial Review: A Revisionist Analysis of Marbury v. Madison.” 38 American Journal of Political Science 285-302. Steven J. Brams and Douglas Muzzio. 1977. “Unanimity in the Supreme Court: A Game-Theoretic Explanation in the White House Tapes Case.” 32 Public Choice 67-83.
10 March 28	LEGAL MOBILIZATION/LEGAL NEEDS/ACCESS TO JUSTICE
	Reading: William L.F. Felstiner, Richard L. Abel, and Austin Sarat. 1980-81. “The Emergence and Transformation of Disputes: Naming, Blaming, Claiming . .” 15 Law & Society Review 631-654. R David M. Engel. 1984. "The Oven Bird's Song: Insiders, Outsiders, and Personal Injuries in an American Community." 18 Law & Society Review 551-582. R Herbert M. Kritzer.1990. "Propensity to Sue in England and the United States: Blaming and Claiming in Tort Cases." 18 Journal of Law and Society 400-427. Pascoe Pleasance et al. 2004. Causes of Action: Civil Law and Social Justice. London: Legal Services Commission. Pascoe Pleasence, Nigel J. Balmer, Alexy Buck, Aoife O'Grady, and Hazel Genn. 2004. “Multiple Justiciable Problems: Common Clusters and Their Social and Demographic Indicators.” 1 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 301-329. I Consortium on Legal Services and the Public. 1994. "Legal Needs and Civil Justice: A Survey of Americans." Chicago: American Bar Association. Kristin Bumiller. 1987. “Victims in the Shadow of the Law: A Critique of the Model of Legal Protection.” 12 Signs 421-439. J Herbert M. Kritzer, Neil Vidmar, and W.A. Bogart. 1991. " To Confront or Not to Confront: Measuring Claiming Rates in Discrimination Grievances ," 25 Law & Society Review 25 875-887. Patricia Ewick and Susan Silbey. 1999. “Common Knowledge and the Ideological Critique: The Significance of Knowing that the 'Haves' Come Out Ahead.” 33 Law & Society Review 1025-1041. [Reprinted in Kritzer and Silbey In Litigation: Do the "Haves" Still Come Out Ahead? Stanford University Press, 2003].
	Other items of interest: Pascoe Pleasance, Hazel Genn, Nigel J. Balmer, Alexy Buck, and Aoife O'Grady. 2003. “Causes of Action: First Findings of the LSRC Periodic Survey.” 30 Journal of Law & Society 11-30. Sally Engle Merry. 1990. Getting Justice and Getting Even. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Patricia Ewick and Susan S. Silbey. 1998. The Common Place of Law: Stories from Everyday Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Marc Galanter. 1983. "Reading the Landscape of Disputes: What We Know and Don't Know (and Think We Know) about Our Allegedly Contentious and Litigious Society." 31 UCLA Law Review 4-71. Carol J. Greenhouse. 1986. Praying for Justice. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Carol J. Greenhouse, Barbara Yngvesson, and David M. Engel. 1994. Law and Community in Three American Towns. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Joel Grossman, et al. 1982. "Dimensions of Institutional Participation: Who Uses the Courts and How." 44 Journal of Politics 86-114. Frances Zemans. 1983. "Legal Mobilization: The Neglected Role of the Law in the Political System." 77 American Political Science Review 690-703. Hazel Genn. 1999. Paths to Justice: What People Do and Think About Going to Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Hazel Genn and Alan Paterson. 2001. Paths to Justice, Scotland: What People in Scotland Do and Think About Going to Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing Co. Barbara A Curran. 1977. “The Legal Needs of the Public: The Final Report of a National Survey.” Chicago: American Bar Foundation. James Meeker, John Dombrink, and Edward Schumann. 1985. “Legal Needs of the Poor: Problems, Priorities, and Attitudes.” 7 Law & Policy 225-244. Kristin Bumiller.1988. Civil Rights Society: The Social Construction of Victims. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Herbert M. Kritzer, W.A. Bogart, and Neil Vidmar, " The Aftermath of Injury: Cultural Factors in Compensation Seeking in Canada and the United States ," Law & Society Review 25 (1991), pp. 499-543.
11 April 4	PUBLIC OPINION
	Reading: Gregory A. Caldeira and James L. Gibson. 1992. "The Etiology of Support for the Supreme Court." 36 American Journal of Political Science 635-664. J Timothy R. Johnson and Andrew D. Martin. 1998. "The Public's Conditional Response to the Supreme Court." 92 American Political Science Review 299-309. J Herbert M. Kritzer. 2005. "The American Public's Assessment of the Rehnquist Court." 89 Judicature 168-176. Robert A. Dahl. 1957. “Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker.” 6 Journal of Public Law 279-295. H William Mishler and Reginald S. Sheehan. 1993. "The Supreme Court as a Countermajoritarian Institution? The Impact of Public Opinion on Supreme Court Decision." 87 American Political Science Review 87-101 [see also comment and rejoinder, 88 APSR 711-724]. J Charles H.Franklin and Liane Kosaki C. 1989. "Republican Schoolmaster: The U.S. Supreme Court, Public Opinion, and Abortion." 83 American Political Science Review 751-773. J Thomas R. Marshall. 2005. "American Public Opinion and the Rehnquist Court." 89 Judicature 177-180. José Juan Toharia. 2003. “Evaluating Systems of Justice Through Public Opinion: Why, What, Who, How, and What For?,” in E. G. Jensen and T. C. Heller, eds., Common Knowledge: Empirical Approaches to the Rule of Law. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. R James L. Gibson, Gregory A. Caldeira, and Vanessa A. Baird. 1998. “On the Legitimacy of National High Courts.” 92 American Political Science Review 343-358. J
	Other items of interest: Marshall, Thomas R. 1989. Public Opinion and the Supreme Court. Boston: Unwin Hyman. Robert A. Dahl. 1957. “Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker.” 6 Journal of Public Law 279-295. Mondak, Jeffrey J. and Shannon Ishiyama Smithey. 1997. "The Dynamics of Public Support for the Supreme Court." 59 Journal of Politics 1114-1142. Marshall, Thomas R. 1987. “The Supreme Court as Opinion Leader: Court Decisions and the Mass Public.” 15 American Politics Quarterly 147-168. Marshall, Thomas R. 1988. “Public Opinion, Representation, and the Modern Supreme Court.” 16 American Politics Quarterly 296-317. Kritzer, Herbert M. 2001. “Into the Electoral Waters: The Impact of Bush v. Gore on Public Perceptions and Knowledge of the Supreme Court.” 85 Judicature 32-38. Caldeira, Gregory A. 1986. "Neither the Purse Nor the Sword: Dynamics of Public Confidence in the Supreme Court." 80 American Political Science Review 1209-1226. Durr, R. H., A. D. Martin, and C. Wolbrecht. 2000. “Ideological Divergence and Public Support for the Supreme Court.” 44 American Journal of Political Science 768-776. Franklin, Charles H. and Liane C. Kosaki. 1995. "Media, Knowledge, and Public Evaluations of the Supreme Court." Pp. 352-375 in Lee Epstein (ed.), Contemplating Courts. Washington: CQ Press. Franklin, Charles H., Liane C. Kosaki, and Herbert M. Kritzer. 1993. “The Salience of Supreme Court Decisions.” Paper presented at meeting of Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, Septebmer 2-5. Grosskopf, Anke and Jeffery J. Mondak. 1998. “Do Attitudes Toward Specific Supreme Court Decisions Matter?: The Impact of Webster and Texas v. Johnson on Public Confidence in the Supreme Court.” 47 Political Research Quarterly 675-692. Hoekstra, Valerie J. 2000. “The Supreme Court and Local Public Opinion.” 94 The American Political Science Review 89-100. Mishler, William and Reginald S. Sheehan. 1996. "Public Opinion, the Attitudinal Model and Supreme Court Decision Making: A Micro-Analytic Perspective." 58 Journal of Politics 169-200. Slotnick, Elliot E. and Jennifer A. Segal. 1998. Television News and the Supreme Court: All the News That's Fit to Air? New York: Cambridge University Press. James L. Gibson, Gregory A. Caldeira, and Lester Kenyatta Spence. 2003. “Measuring Attitudes toward the United States Supreme Court.” 47 American Journal of Political Science 354-367. James L. Gibson, Gregory A. Caldeira, and Lester Kenyatta Spence. 2003. “The Supreme Court and the US Presidential Election of 2000: Wounds, Self-Inflicted or Otherwise?” 33 British Journal of Political Science 535-556. Jeffrey Yates and Andrew Whitford. 2002. “The Presidency and the Supreme Court After Bush v. Gore: Implications for Institutional Legitimacy and Effectiveness.” 13 Stanford Law & Policy Review 101-118. Kevin T. McGuire and James A. Stimson. 2004. “The Least Dangerous Branch Revisited: New Evidence on Supreme Court Responsiveness to Public Preferences.” 66 Journal of Politics 1018-1035. James L. Gibson and Gregory A. Caldeira. 1995. “The Legitimacy of Transnational Legal Institutions: Compliance, Support, and the European Court of Justice.” 39 American Journal of Political Science 459-489.
12 Apr. 11	WORK ON FIRST DRAFTS OF PAPERS (due Friday, April 14)
13 April 18	POLITICS OF REFORM, CRIMINAL JUSTICE: SENTENCING REFORM
	Reading: Stuart A. Scheingold. 1991. The Politics of Street Crime: Criminal Process and Cultural Obsession. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp. 1-71. Malcolm M. Feeley. 1983. Court Reform on Trial: Why Simple Solutions Fail. New York: Basic Books. Gary LaFree. 2002. “Too Much Democracy or Too Much Crime? Lessons from California's Three-Strikes Law.” 27 Law & Social Inquiry 875-902. Michael Tonry. 1995. Malign Neglict--Race, Crime, and Punishment in America. New York: Oxford Univeristy Press, pp. 125- 180. Paul J. Kaplan. 2006. "American Exceptionalism and Racialized Inequality in American Capital Punishment." 31 Law & Social Inquiry 149-175. John Wooldredge, Timothy Griffin, and Fritz Rauschenberg. 2005. “(Un)anticipated Effects of Sentencing Reform on the Disparate Treatment of Defendants.” 39 Law & Society Review 835-874. I
	Other items of interest: Franklin E. Zimring, Gordon Hawkins, and Sam Kamin. 2001. Punishment and Democracy: Three Strikes and You're Out in California. New York: Oxfore University Press, pp. 151-215. W.A. Bogart. 2002. Consequences: The Impact of Law and Its Complexity. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 159-182. Malcolm M. Feeley and Austin D. Sarat. 1980. The Policy Dilemma: Federal Crime Policy and the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration 1968-1978. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Alfred Blumstein, Jacqueline Cohen, Susan E. Marin, and Michael Tonry [eds.]. 1983. Research on Sentencing: The Search for Reform. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Herbert Jacob. 1984. The Frustration of Policy: Responses to Crime by American Cities. Boston: Little, Brown. Malcom M. Feeley and Edward L. Rubin. 1998. Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State: How the Courts Reformed America's Prisons. New York: Cambridge University Press. Herbert M. Kritzer. 1996. "Courts, Justice, and Politics in England," in Herbert Jacob et al., Courts, Law, and Politics in Comparative Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 97-125. Michael Tonry. 1995. “Twenty Years of Sentencing Reform: Steps Forward, Steps Backward.” 78 Judicature 169-172. Michael Tonry. 2004. Thinking About Crime: Sense and Sensibility in American Penal Culture. New York: Oxford University Press. Kate Stith and Steve Y. Koh. 1993. “The Politics of Sentencing Reforms: The Legislative History of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.” 28 Wake Forest Law Review 223-290. Jeffrey T. Ulmer. 1997. Social Worlds of Sentencing: Court Communities Under Sentencing Guidelines. Albany: State University of New York Press.
14 Apr. 25	POLITICS OF REFORM: CIVIL JUSTICE (Including ADR)
	Reading: William Haltom and Michael McCann. 2004. Distorting the Law: Reform Politics, Mass Media, and the Litigation Crisis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bernard Black, Charles Silver, David A. Hyman, and William M. Sage. 2005. “Stability, Not Crisis: Medical Malpractice Claim Outcomes in Texas, 1988-2002.” 2 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 207-259. I Thomas J. Stipanowich. 2004. “ADR and the "Vanishing Trial": The Growth and Impact of "Alternative Dispute Resolution".” 1 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 843-912. I E. Allan Lind, Robert J. MacCoun, Patricia A. Ebener, William L.F. Felstiner, Deborah R. Hensler, Judith Resnik, and Tom R. Tyler. 1990. “In the Eye of the Beholder: Tort Litigants' Evaluations of Their Experiences in the Civil Justice System.” 24 Law & Society Review 953-996. R
	Other items of interest Stephen Daniels and Joanne Martin. 1995. Civil Juries and the Politics of Reform. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. Seth Seabury, Nicholas M. Pace, and Robert T. Reville. 2004. “Forty Years of Civil Jury Verdicts.” 1 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 1-25. Jeff Yates, Belinda Creel Davis, and Henry R. Glick. 2001. “The Politics of Torts: Explaining Litigation Rates in the American States.” 1 State Politics & Policy Quarterly Marc Galanter. 2004. “The Vanishing Trial: An Examination of Trials and Related Matters in Federal and State Courts.” 1 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 459-570. I Roger E. Hartley. 2002. Alternative Dispute Resolution in Civil Justice Systems. New York: LFB Scholarly Press.
15 May 2	JUDICIAL POWER IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
	Reading: Alec Stone. 1989. “In the Shadow of the Constitutional Council: The 'Juridicisation' of the Legislative Process in France.” 12 West European Politics 12-34. Alec Stone Sweet. 1999. “Judicialization and the Construction of Governance.” 32 Comparative Political Studies 147-84. Ran Hirschl. 2000. “The Political Origins of Judicial Empowerment Through Constitutionalization: Lessons from Four Constitutional Revolutions.” 25 Law and Social Inquiry 91-149. Tom Ginsburg. 2003. Judicial Review in New Democracies: Constitutional Courts in Asian Cases. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-63. Tom Ginsburg. 2002. “Confucian Constitutionalism? The Emergence of Constitutional Review in Korea and Taiwan.” 27 Law & Social Inquiry 763-799. Alexei Trochev. 2004. “Less Democracy, More Courts: A Puzzle of Judicial Review in Russia.” 38 Law & Society Review 513-548. I Nancy Maveety and Anke Grosskopf. 2004. “'Constrained' Constitutional Courts as Conduits for Democratic Consolidation.” 38 Law & Society Review 463-488. I Tamir Moustafa. 2003. “Law versus the State: The Judicialization of Politics in Egypt.” 28 Law & Social Inquiry 883-930.
	Other items of interest: C. Neal Tate and Torbjörn Vallinder [eds.]. 1995. The Global Expansion of Judicial Power. New York: New York University Press. Carlo Guarnieri and Patrizia Pederzoli. 2002. The Power of Judges: A Comparative Study of Courts and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Charles E. Epp. 1998. The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Mary L. Volcansek. 1994. “Political Power and Judicial Review in Italy.” 26 Comparative Political Studies 492-509. Gretchen Helmke. 2002. “The Logic of Strategic Defection: Court-Executive Relations in Argentina Under Dictatorship and Democracy.” 96 American Political Science Review 291-303. Robert Moog. 2002. “Judicial Activism in the Cause of Judicial Independence: The Indian Supreme Court in the 1990s.” 85 Judicature 268-76. Matias Iaryczower, Pablo T. Spiller, and Mariano Tommasi. 2002. “Judicial Independence in Unstable Environments, Argentina 1935-1998.” 46 American Journal of Political Science 699-716. W.A. Bogart. 1994. Courts and Country: The Limits of Litigation and the Social and Political Life of Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press. Shannon Ishiyama Smithey and John Ishiyama. 2002. “Judicial Activism in Post-Communist Politics.” 36 Law & Society Review 719-741. Matthew C. Stephenson. 2003. “'When the Devil Turns ... ': The Political Foundations of Independent Judicial Review.” 32 Journal of Legal Studies 59-90. Kenneth M. Holland and Jerold Waltman [eds.]. 1991. Judicial Activism in Comparative Perspective. New York: St. Martins. Donald W. Jackson and C. Neal Tate [eds.]. 1992. Comparative Judicial Review. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. John Ferejohn and Pasquale Pasquino. 2004. “Constitutional Adjudication: Lessons from Europe.” 82 Texas Law Review 1671-1704. Martin Shapiro. 1999. “The Success of Judicial Review,” in S. Kenney, W. Reisinger, and J. Reitz, eds., Constitutional Dialogues in Comparative Perspective. New York: St. Martin's Press. Martin Shapiro and Alec Stone Sweet. 1994. “The New Constitutional Politics of Europe.” 26 Comparative Political Studies 397-420. Jiri Priban and James Young [eds.]. 1999. The Rule of Law in Central Europe: The Reconstruction of Legality, Constitutionalism and Civil Society in the Post-Communist Countries. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing Co Jiri Priban, Pauline Roberts, and James Young [eds.]. 2003. Systems of Justice in Transition: Central European Experiences since 1989. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate Publishing Co. Rebecca Bill Chavez. 2004. The Rule of Law in Nascent Democracies: Judicial Politics in Argentina. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Gretchen Helmke. 2004. Courts under Constraints : Judges, Generals, and Presidents in Argentina. New York: Cambridge University Press. Tom Ginsburg. 2003. Judicial Review in New Democracies : Constitutional Courts in Asian Cases. New York: Cambridge University Press. Ran Hirschl. 2004. Towards Juristocracy : The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitutionalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Alec Stone. 1992. The Birth of Judicial Politics in France: The Constitutional Council in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press. Alec Stone Sweet. 2000. Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe. New York: Oxford University Press. Alec Stone Sweet. 2004. The Judicial Construction of Europe. New York: Oxford University Press. Georg Vanberg. 2005. The Politics of Constitutional Review in Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Herman Schwartz. 2000. The Struggle for Constitutional Justice in Post-Communist Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Mary L. Volcansek. 2000. Constitutional Politics in Italy: The Constitutional Court. New York: St. Martin's Press.

ADDITIONAL TOPICS OF INTEREST

A. LAW AND DISPUTES
	Black, Donald. 1989. Sociological Justice. New York: Oxford University Press. Council on the Role of Courts (CORC). 1984. The Role of Courts in American Society. St. Paul: West Publishing Company. Friedman, Lawrence M. 1985. Total Justice. New York: Russell Sage. Felstiner, William L.F., Richard L. Abel, and Austin Sarat. 1980-81. "The Emergence and Transformation of Disputes: Naming, Blaming, Claiming . . ." 15 Law & Society Review 631-654. Horowitz, Morton J. 1977. Transformation of American Law, 1780-1860. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Kelman, Mark. 1987. A Guide to Critical Legal Studies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
B. COURTS AND COURT SYSTEMS
	Friedman, Lawrence M. and Robert V. Percival. 1976. "A Tale of Two Courts: Litigation in Alameda and San Benito Counties." 10 Law & Society Review 267-301. Fuller, Lon. 1978. "The Forms and Limits of Adjudication." 92 Harvard Law Review 353. Pp. 86-124 in The Principles of Social Order: Selected Essays of Lon Fuller. Edited by Kenneth I. Winson. Durham: Duke University Press, 1981. McIntosh, Wayne. 1990. The Appeal of Civil Law: A Political Economic Analysis of Litigation. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Shapiro, Martin. 1980. Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Surrency, Edwin C. 1963. "A History of the Federal Courts." 18 Missouri Law Review 214-244. Yngvesson and Yngvesson and Lynn Mather. 1983. "Courts, Moots, and the Disputing Process." Pp. 51-83 in Keith O. Boyum and Lynn Mather (eds.), Empirical Theories about Courts. New York: Longman.
C. STATE SUPREME COURTS
	Farole, Donald J., Jr. 1999. “Reexamining Litigant Success in State Supreme Courts.” 33 Law and Society Review 1043-58. Glick, Henry R. and George W. Pruet, Jr. 1986. "Dissent in State Supreme Courts: Patterns and Correlates of Conflict." Pp. 199-214 in Sheldon Goldman and Charles M. Lamb (eds.), Judicial Conflict and Consensus: Behavioral Studies of American Appellate Courts. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Hall, Melinda Gann and Paul Brace. 1998. "State Supreme Courts and Their Environments: Avenues to General Theories of Judicial Choice." Pp. 281-300 in Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman (eds), Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Hall, Melinda Gann. 1995. "Justices as Representatives: Elections and Judicial Politics in the American States." 23 American Politics Quarterly 485-503. Kagan, Robert A., Bliss Cartwright, Lawrence M. Friedman, and Stanton Wheeler. 1978. "The Evolution of State Supreme Courts," 76 Michigan Law Review 961-1001. Sheldon, Charles H. 1998. "The Incidence and Structure of Dissensus on a State Supreme Court." Pp. 115-134 in Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman (eds), Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Tarr, G. Alan and Mary Cornelia Aldis Porter. 1988. State Supreme Courts in State and Nation. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 1-40. Brace, Paul and Melinda Gann Hall. 1990. "Neo-Institutionalism and Dissent in State Supreme Courts." 52 Journal of Politics 54-70. Brace, Paul and Melinda Gann Hall. 1995. "Studying Courts Comparatively: The View from the American States." 48 Political Research Quarterly 5-29. Brace, Paul R. and Melinda Gann Hall. 1997. "The Interplay of Preferences, Case Facts, Context and Rules in the Politics of Judicial Choice." 59 Journal of Politics 1206-1231. Brace, Paul, Laura Langer, and Melinda Gann Hall. 2000. “Measuring the preferences of state Supreme Court judges.” 62 Journal of Politics 387-413. Caldeira, Gregory A. 1985 "The Transmission of Legal Precedent: A Study of State Supreme Courts." 79 American Political Science Review 178-193. Farole, Donald J., Jr. 1998. Interest Groups and Judicial Federalism. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishing. Flemming, Gregory N., David B. Holian, and Susan Gluck Mezey. 1998. “An Integrated Model of Privacy Decision Making in State Supreme Courts.” 26 American Politics Quarterly 35-58. Glick, Henry R. and Kenneth N. Vines. 1973. State Court Systems. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, pp. 52-59. Hall, Melinda Gann and Paul Brace. 1996. "Justices' Response to Case Facts: An Interactive Model." 24 American Politics Quarterly 236-261. Hall, Melinda Gann. 1995. "Justices as Representatives: Elections and Judicial Politics in the American States." 23 American Politics Quarterly 485-503. Kagan, Robert A., Bliss Cartwright, Lawrence M. Friedman, and Stanton Wheeler. 1977. "The Business of State Supreme Courts, 1870-1970." 30 Stanford Law Review 121-156. Kilwein, John C. and Richard A. Brisbin, Jr. 1997. "Policy Convergence in a Federal Judicial System: The Application of Intensified Scrutiny Doctrines by State Supreme Courts." 41 American Journal of Political Science 122-148. Lindquist, Stefanie A. and Kevin Pybas. 1998. "State Supreme court Decisions to Overrule Precedent, 1965-1996." 20 Justice System Journal 17-37. Reed, Douglas S. 1998. "Twenty-Five Years after Rodriguez: School Finance Litigation and the Impact of the New Judicial Federalism." 32 Law & Society Review 175-220. Songer, Donald R. and Ashlyn Kuersten. 1995. "The Success of Amici in State Supreme Courts." 48 Political Research Quarterly 31-42. Songer, Donald R., and Kelley A. Crews-Meyer. 2000. “Does Judge Gender Matter? Decision Making in State Supreme Courts.” 81 Social Science Quarterly 750-762. Traut, Carol Ann and Craig F. Emmert. 1998. "Expanding the Integrated Model of Judicial Decision Making: The California Justices and Capital Punishment." 60 Journal of Politics 1166-1180. Wenzel, James P., Shaun Bowler, and David J. Lanoue. 1997. "Legislating from the State Bench: A Comparative Analysis of Judicial Activism." 25 American Politics Quarterly 363-379. Benesh, Sara C., and Wendy L. Martinek. 2002. “State Supreme Court Decision Making in Confession Cases.” 23 Justice System Journal 109-133.
D. INTERMEDIATE COURTS OF APPEAL
	Baum, Larry, Sheldon Goldman, and Austin Sarat. 1981-82. "The Evolution of Litigation in the Federal Courts of Appeals, 1865-1975." 16 Law & Society Review 291-310. Brent, James C. 1999. “An Agent and Two Principals: U.S. Court of Appeals Responses to Employment Division, Department of Human Resources v. Smith and the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.” 27 American Politics Quarterly 236-68. Smith, Joseph L., and Emerson H. Tiller. 2002. “The Strategy of Judging: Evidence from Administrative Law.” 31 Journal of Legal Studies 61-82. Howard, J. Woodford, Jr. 1977. “Role Perceptions and Behavior in Three U.S. Courts of Appeal.” 39 Journal of Politics 916-938. Songer, Donald R. and Sue Davis. 1990. "The Impact of Party and Region on Voting Decisions in the United States Courts of Appeals, 1955-1986." 43 Western Political Quarterly 319-334. Songer, Donald R., Reginald S. Sheehan, and Susan Brodie Haire. 1999. “Do the 'Haves' Come Out Ahead over Time? Applying Galanter's Framework to the Decisions of the U.S. Courts of Appeals, 1925-1988.” 33 Law & Society Review 811-832. Songer, Donald R., Jeffrey A. Segal, and Charles M. Cameron. 1994. "The Hierarchy of Justice: Testing a Principal-Agent Model of Supreme Court-Circuit Court Interactions." 38 American Journal of Political Science 673-696. Songer, Donald R., Reginald S. Sheehan, and Susan B. Haire. 2000. Continuity and Change on the United States Courts of Appeals. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 103-130. Haire, Susan B., Donald R. Songer, and Stefanie A. Lindquist. 2003. “Appellate Court Supervision in the Federal Judiciary: A Hierarchical Perspective.” 37 Law & Society Review 143-67. Haire, Susan B., Marth Anne Humphries, and Donald R. Songer. 2001. “The Voting Behavior of Clinton's Courts of Appeals Appointees.” 84 Judicature 274-281. Atkins, Burton M. and Justin J. Green. 1976. “Consensus on the United States Courts of Appeals: Illusion or Reality.” 20 American Journal of Political Science 735-748. Barrow, Deborah J. and Thomas G. Walker. 1988. A Court Divided: The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals and the Politics of Judicial Reform. New Haven: Yale University Press. Goldman, Sheldon and Charles M. Lamb (eds.). 1986. Judicial Conflict and Consensus: Behavioral Studies of American Appellate Courts. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Howard, J. Woodford. 1981. The Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Songer, Donald R. and Reginald S. Sheehan. 1992. "Who Wins on Appeal? Upperdogs and Underdogs in the United States Courts of Appeals." 36 American Journal of Political Science 235-58. Unah, Isaac. 1998. The Courts of International Trade: Judicial Specialization, Expertise and Bureaucratic Policy-Making. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Unah, Isaac. 2001. “The Incidence and Structure of Conflict on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.” 23 Law & Policy 69-93. Brent, James. 2003. “A Principal-Agent Analysis of U.S. Courts of Appeals Responses to Boerne v. Flores.” 31 American Politics Research 557-70. Cross, Frank B. 2003. “Decisionmaking in the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals.” 91 California Law Review 1457-1515. Hettinger, Virginia A, Stefanie A. Lindquist, and Wendy L. Martinek. 2004. “Comparing Attitudinal and Strategic Accounts of Dissenting Behavior on the U.S. Courts of Appeals.” 48 American Journal of Political Science 123-137.
E. TRIAL COURTS: GENERAL
	Ashenfelter, Orley, Theodore Eisenberg, and Stewart J. Schwab. 1995. "Politics and the Judiciary: The Influence of Judicial Background on Case Outcomes." 24 Journal of Legal Studies 257-281. Epstein, Lee and C.K. Rowland. 1991. "Debunking the Myth of Interest Group Invincibility in the Courts." 85 American Political Science Review 205-217. Gibson, James L. 1978. "Judges' Role Orientations, Attitudes, and Decisions: An Interactive Model." 72 American Political Science Review 911-924. Nardulli, Peter F., James Eisenstein, and Roy B. Flemming. 1984. “Unraveling the Complexities of Decision-making In Face to Face Groups: A Contextual Analysis of Plea Bargained Sentences.” 78 American Political Science Review 912-928. Olson, Susan M. 1992. "Studying Federal District Courts through Published Cases: A Research Note." 15 Justice System Journal 782-800. Rowland, C.K., and Robert A. Carp. 1996. Politics and Judgment in Federal District Courts. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, pp. 24-57. Carp, Robert A., Kenneth L. Manning, and Ronald Stidham. 2001. “President Clinton's District Judges: "Extreme Liberals" or Just Plain Moderates?” 84 Judicature 282-288. Carp, Robert A. and C.K. Rowland. 1983. Policymaking and Politics in the Federal District Courts. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Dolbeare, Kenneth. 1967. Trial Courts and Urban Politics. New York: John Wiley. Jacob, Herbert. 1997. "The Governance of Trial Judges." 31 Law & Society Review 3-30. Kitchin, William. 1978. Federal District Judges: An Analysis of Judicial Perceptions. Baltimore: Collage Press. Kritzer, Herbert. 1990. The Justice Broker: Lawyers and Ordinary Litigation. New York: Oxford University Press. Kritzer, Herbert. 1991. Let's Make a Deal: Understanding the Negotiation Process in Ordinary Litigation. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Kritzer, Herbert M. and Frances K. Zemans. 1993. "Local Legal Culture and the Control of Litigation." 27 Law & Society Review 535-558. McIntosh, Wayne V. 1989. The Appeal of Civil Law. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Rosenthal, Douglas. 1974. Lawyer and Client: Who's in Charge? New York: Russell Sage. Ross, H. Laurence. 1980. Settled Out of Court. New York: Aldine Publishing. Vidmar, Neil. 1984. "The Small Claims Court: A Reconceptualization of Disputes and an Empirical Investigation." 18 Law & Society Review 515-550. Howard, Robert M. 2005. “Comparing the Decision Making of Specialized Courts and General Courts: An Exploration of Tax Decisions.” 26 Justice System Journal 135-148.
F. INTEREST GROUPS IN THE COURTS (Including the Solicitor General)
	Caldiera, Gregory A. and John R. Wright. 1990. "Amici Curiae before the Supreme Court: Who Participates, When, and How Much?" 52 Journal of Politics 782-806. Epstein, Lee. 1993. "Interest Group Litigation During the Rehnquist Court Era." 9 Journal of Law & Politics 639-717. Epstein, Lee. 1985. Conservatives in Court. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Epstein, Lee. 1998. "Mapping Out the Strategic Terrain: The Informational Role of Amici Curiae." Pp. 215-235 in Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman (eds), Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Deen, Rebecca E., Joseph Ignagni, and James Meernik. 2003. “The Solicitor General as Amicus, 1953-2000: How Influential?” 87 Judicature 60-71. Brodie, Ian. 2001. “Interest Group Litigation and the Embedded State: Canada's Court Challenges Program.” 34 Canadian Journal of Political Science 357-76. Harlow, Carol, and Richard Rawlings. 1992. Pressure Through Law. London: Routledge. Champagne, Anthony. 2001. “Interest Groups and Judicial Elections.” 34 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 1391-1408. Corbally, Sarah F., Donald C. Bross, and Victor E. Flango. 2004. “Filing of Amicus Curaie Briefs in State Courts of Last Resort: 1960-2000.” 25 Justice System Journal 39-56. Songer, Donald R. and Ashlyn Kuersten. 1995. "The Success of Amici in State Supreme Courts." 48 Political Research Quarterly 31-42. Hansford, Thomas G. 2004. “Information Provision, Organizational Constraints, and the Decision to Submit an Amicus Curiae Brief in a U.S. Supreme Court Case.” 57 Political Research Quarterly 219-230. Johnson, Timothy R. 2003b. “The Supreme Court, the Solicitor General, and the Separation of Powers.” 31 American Politics Research 426-51. McGuire, Kevin T.. 1998. “Explaining Executive Success in the U.S. Supreme Court.” 51 Political Research Quarterly 505-26. Morton, F.L., and Avril Allen. 2001. “Feminists and the Courts: Measuring Success in Interest Group Litigation in Canada.” 34 Canadian Journal of Political Science 55-84.
G. OTHER INFLUENCES ON COLLEGIAL COURTS
	Johnson, Timothy R. 2001. “Information, Oral Arguments, and Supreme Court Decision Making.” 29 American Politics Research 331-351. Johnson, Timothy R. 2004. Oral Aruments and Decision Making on the U.S. Supreme Court. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. McGuire, Kevin T. 1993. The Supreme Court Bar: Legal Elites in the Washington Community. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. McGuire, Kevin T. 2004. “The Institutionalization of the U.S. Supreme Court.” 12 Political Analysis 128-142. Ostberg, C.L., Matthew E. Wetstein, and Craig R. Ducat. 2004. “Leaders, Followers, and Outsiders: Task and Social Leadership on the Canadian Supreme Court in the Early 'Nineties.” 36 Polity 505-528. Peppers, Todd C. 2006. Courtiers of the Marble Palace: The Rise and Influence of Supreme Court Law Clerks. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Yates, Jeff. 2002. Popular Justice: Presidential Prestige and Executive Success in the Supreme Court. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Davis, Sue. 1998. "The Chief Justice and Judicial Decision-Making: The Instituional Basis for Leadership on the Supreme Court." Pp. 135-154 in Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman (eds), Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Haynie, Stacia L. 1992. "Leadership and Consensus on the U.S. Supreme Court." 54 Journal of Politics 1158-1169. Maltzman, Forrest and Paul J. Wahlbeck. 1996. "May It Please the Chief? Opinion Assignments in the Rehnquist Court." 40 American Journal of Political Science 421-443. Walker, Thomas, Lee Epstein, and William J. Dixon. 1988. "On the Mysterious Demise of Consensual Norms in the United States Supreme Court." 50 Journal of Politics 361-389. Epstein, Lee, Jeffrey A. Segal, and Harold J. Spaeth. 2001. “The Norm of Consensus on the U.S. Supreme Court.” 45 American Journal of Political Science 362-77. Russell Smyth and Paresh Kumar Narayan. 2004. “Hail to the Chief! Leadership and Structural Change in the Level of Consensus on the High Court of Australia.” 1 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 399-427.
H. IMPACT
	Bussiere, Elizabeth. 1998. "The Supreme Court and the Development of the Welfare State: Judicial Liberalism and the Problem of Welfare Rights." Pp. 155-174 in Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman (eds), Supreme Court Decision-Making: New Institutionalist Approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Segal, Jeffrey A. and Harold J. Spaeth. 1993. The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 333-355. Rosenberg, Gerald N. 1991. The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring about Social Change? Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 9-264. Review symposium on the above, 17 Law & Social Inquiry 715-778 (1992). Review and response regarding Michael McCann's Rights at Work: Pay Equity Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobilization, appearing in 21 Law & Social Inquiry 435-482 (1996). Becker, Theodore L. and Malcolm M. Feeley (eds.). 1973. The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions [2nd edition]. New York: Oxford University Press. Dahl, Robert A. 1957. “Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker.” 6 Journal of Public Law 279-295. Ignagni, Joseph and James Meernik. 1994. "Explaining Congressional Attempts to Reverse Supreme Court Decisions." 47 Political Research Quarterly 353-372. McCann, Michael. 1994. Rights at Work: Pay Equity Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pacelle, Richard L. and Lawrence Baum. 1992. "Supreme Court Authority in the Judiciary: A Study of Remands." 20 American Politics Quarterly 169-191. Schultz, David A. (ed.). 1998. Leveraging the Law: Using the Courts to Achieve Social Change. New York: Peter Lang. Solimine, Michael E. and James L. Walker. 1992. "The Next Word: Congressional Response to Surpreme Court Statutory Decisions." 65 Temple Law Review 425-58. Wasby, Stephen L. 1979. The Impact of the United States Supreme Court: Some Perspectives. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
I. JURIES
	Clermont, Kevin M. and Theodore Eisenberg. 1992. "Trial by Jury or Judge: Transcending Empiricism." 77 Cornell Law Review 1124-1177. Daniels, Stephen. 1989. "The Question of Jury Competence and the Politics of Civil Justice Reform: Symbols, Rhetoric and Agenda-Building." 52 Law and Contemporary Problems 269-310. Daniels, Stephen and Joanne Martin. 1995. Civil Juries and the Politics of Reform. Evanston: University of Illinois Press. Hans, Valerie and Neil Vidmar. 1986. Judging the Jury. New York: Plenum Publishers. Kalvin, Henry and Hans Zeisel. 1966. The American Jury. Boston: Little Brown. Litan, Robert E (ed.). 1993. Verdict: Assessing the Civil Jury System. Washington: Brookings Institution. Shanley, Michael G. and Mark A. Peterson. 1983. Comparative Justice: Civil Jury Verdicts in San Francisco and Cook County. Santa Monica, California: The Rand Corporation. Vidmar, Neil. 1995. Medical Malpractice and the American Jury. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Rose, Mary R. 2005. “A Dutiful Voice: Justice in the Distribution of Jury Service.” 39 Law & Society Review 601-634. Eisenberg, Theodore, Paula Hannaford-Agor, Valerie P. Hans, Nicole L. Mott, G. Thomas Munsterman, Stewart J Schwab, and Martin T. Wells. 2005. “Judge-Jury Agreement in Criminal Cases: A Partial Replication of Kalven & Zeisel's The American Jury.” 2 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 171-206. King, Nancy J., and Rosevelt L. Noble. 2005. “Jury Sentencing in Noncapital Cases: Comparing Severity and Variance with Judicial Sentences in Two States.” 2 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 331-367. Seabury, Seth, Nicholas M. Pace, and Robert T. Reville. 2004. “Forty Years of Civil Jury Verdicts.” 1 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 1-25.
J. CRIMINAL COURTS AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE
	Blumberg, Abraham S. 1967. "The Practice of Law as a Confidence Game: Organizational Cooptation of a Profession. 1 Law & Society Review 15-39. Eisenstein, James, Roy B. Flemming, and Peter F. Nardulli. 1988. The Contours of Justice: Communities and Their Courts. Boston: Little Brown, entire (skim pp. 82-165). Eisenstein, James and Herbert Jacob. 1977. Felony Justice: An Organizational Analysis of Criminal Courts. Boston: Little, Brown. Feeley, Malcolm M. 1979. The Process Is the Punishment: Handling Cases in a Lower Criminal Court. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Flemming, Roy B. 1986. "The Client Game: Defense Attorney Perspectives on Their Relations with Criminal Clients." 1986 American Bar Foundation Research Journal 253-277. Gibson, James. 1980. "Environmental Constraints on the Behavior of Judges: A Representational Model of Judicial Decision Making." 14 Law & Society Review 343-370. Heumann, Milton. 1978. Plea Bargaining: The Experiences of Prosecutors, Judges, and Defense Attorneys. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Levin, Martin A. 1977. Urban Politics and and the Criminal Courts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Nardulli, Peter, James Eisenstein, and Roy B. Flemming. 1988. The Tenor of Justice: Criminal Courts and the Guilty Plea Process. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Schulhofer, Stephen. 1984. "Is Plea Bargaining Inevitable?" Harvard Law Review 97: 1037-1107. Ulmer, Jeffrey T. 1997. Social Worlds of Sentencing: Court Communities Under Sentencing Guidelines. Albany: State University of New York Press.
K. COURTS AND POLICY-MAKING
	Horowitz, Donald L. 1977. The Courts and Social Policy. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Cavanagh, Ralph and Austin Sarat. 1980 "Thinking About Courts: Toward and Beyond a Jurisprudence of Judicial Competence." 14 Law & Society Review 371-420. Diver, Colin. 1979. "The Judge as Political Powerbroker: Superintending Structural Change in Public Institutions." 65 Virginia Law Review 43-106. Rabkin, Jeremy. 1989. Judicial Compulsions: How Public Law Distorts Public Policy. New York: Basic Books. Cooper, Phillip J. 1988. Hard Judicial Choices: Federal District Court Judges and State and Local Officials. New York: Oxford University Press.
L. COURTS, COURT REFORM, AND OTHER POLITICAL ACTORS
	Drechsel, Robert E. 1983. News Making in the Trial Courts. New York: Longman. Feeley, Malcolm M. 1983. Court Reform on Trial: Why Simple Solutions Fail. New York: Basic Books, pp. 3-39, 156-207. Haltom, William. 1998. Reporting on the Courts: How Mass Media Cover Judicial Acitions. Chicago: Nelson-Hall. Posner, Richard. 1985. The Federal Courts: Crisis and Reform. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 59-166. Segal, Jeffrey. 1991. "Courts, Executives, and Legislatures." Pp. 373-393 in John B. Gates and Charles A. Johnson (eds.), The American Courts: A Critical Assessment. Washington: CQ Press. Slotnick, Elliot E. 1991. "Media Coverage of Supreme Court Decision Making: Problems and Prospects." 75 Judicature 128-142. Slotnick, Elliot E., and Jennifer A. Segal. 1998. Television News and the Supreme Court: All the News That's Fit to Air? New York: Cambridge University Press. Spill, Rorie L., and Zoe M. Oxley. 2003. “Philosopher Kings or Political Actors? How the Media Portray the Supreme Court.” 87 Judicature 22-29.
M. COURTS IN OTHER COMMON LAW COUNTRIES
	Abel, Richard L. and Philip S.C. Lewis (eds.). 1988. Lawyers in Society: The Common Law World. Berkeley: University of California Press. Atkins, Burton M. 1988-89. "Judicial Selection in Context: The American and English Experience." 77 Kentucky Law Review 577-618. Atkins, Burton M. 1990. "Interventions and Power in Judicial Hierarchies: Appellate Courts in England and the United States." 24 Law & Society Review 71-105. Baldwin, John and Michael McConville. 1979. "Trial by Jury: Some Empirical Evidence on Contested Criminal Cases in England." 13 Law & Society Review 861-890. Baum, Lawrence. 1977. "Review Article: Research on the English Judicial Process. 7 British Journal of Political Science 511-527. Bogart, W.A. 1995. Courts and Country: The Limits of Litigation and the Social and Political Life of Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press. Diamond, Shari Seidman. 1990. "Revising Images of Public Punitiveness: Sentencing by law and Professional English Magistrates." 15 Law & Social Inquiry 191-221. Epp, Charles R. 1996. "Do Bills of Rights Matter? The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms." 90 American Political Science Review 765-779. Epp, Charles R. 1998. The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Galanter, Marc. 1989. Law and Society in Modern India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Griffiths, J.A.G. 1985. The Politics of the Judiciary. London: Fontana. Harlow, Carol aand Richard Rawlings. 1992. Pressure through Law. London: Routledge. Jacob, Herbert, Erhard Blankenberg, Herbert M. Kritzer, D. Marie Provine, and Joseph Sanders. 1996. Courts, Law, and Politics in Comparative Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 81-176. Kritzer, Herbert M. 1989. "A Comparative Perspective on Settlement and Bargaining in Personal Injury Cases [A Review Essay of Hard Bargaining: Out of Court Settlement in Personal Injury Actions, by Hazel Genn]." 14 Law & Social Inquiry 167-186. McBarnett, Doreen. 1981. Conviction: Law, the State and the Construction of Justice. London: Macmillan. Morrison, Fred. 1973. Courts and the Political Process in England. Beverly Hills: Sage. Paterson, Alan. 1982. The Law Lords. London: Macmillan. Robertson, David. 1982. "Judicial Ideology in the House of Lords: A Jurimetric Analysis." 12 British Journal of Political Science 1-26. Rock, Paul. 1993. The Social World of an English Crown Court: Witness and Professionals in the Crown Court Centre at Wood Green. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Russell, Peter H. 1980. "History and Development of the Court in National Society: The Canadian Supreme Court." 3 Canada-United States Law Journal 4-14. Smart, Carol. 1984. Ties that Bind: Law, Marriage and the Reproduction of Patriarchal Relations. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Sterett, Susan. 1996. Creating Constitutionalism? The Politics of Legal Expertise and Administrative Law in England and Wales. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Tate, C. Neal and Torbjörn Vallinder (eds.). 1995. The Global Expansion of Judicial Power. New York: New York University Press.
N. COURTS AND LAW OUTSIDE THE COMMON LAW WORLD
	Abe, Masaki. 1995. "The Internal Control of a Bureaucratic Judiciary: The Case of Japan." 23 International Journal of the Sociology of Law 303-320. Abel, Richard L., and Philip S.C. Lewis (eds.). 1988. Lawyers in Society: The Civil Law World. Berkeley: University of California Press. Blankenburg, Erhard. 1994. "The Infrastructure for Avoiding Civil Litigation: Comparing Cultures of Legal Behavior in The Netherlands and West Germany." 28 Law & Society Review 789-808. David, René. 1972. French Law: Its Structures, Sources and Methodology. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. Gessner, Volkmar, Armin Hoeland, and Csaba Varga (eds.). 1996. European Legal Cultures. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company. Giles, Michal W. and Thomas D. Lancaster. 1989. "Political Transition, Social Development, and Legal Mobilization in Spain." 83 American Political Science Review 817-833. Hendley, Kathryn. 1996. Trying to Make Law Matter: Legal Reform and Labor Law in the Soviet Union. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Jacob, Herbert, Erhard Blankenberg, Herbert M. Kritzer, D. Marie Provine, and Joseph Sanders. 1996. Courts, Law, and Politics in Comparative Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press, PP. 176-388. Lafon, Jacqueline Lucienne. 1991. "The Judicial Career in France: Theory and Practice under the Fifth Republic." 75 Judicature 97-106. Landfried, Christine. 1985. "The Impact of the German Constitutional Court on Politics and Policy-Outputs." 20 Government and Opposition 522-541. Kommers, Donald P. 1976. Judicial Politics in West Germany. Beverly Hills: Sage. Merryman, John Henry. 1969. The Civil Law Tradition. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Merryman, John Henry. 1974. "The Italian Legal Style III: Interpretation." Pp. 163-201 in Joseph Dainow (ed.), The Role of Judicial Decisions and Doctrin in Civil Law and Mixed Jurisdictions. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. Stone, Alec. 1992. The Birth of Judicial Politics in France: The Constitutional Council in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press. Tanase, Takao. 1990. "The Management of Automobile Accident Compensation in Japan." 24 Law & Society Review 651-692. Tate, C. Neal and Torbjörn Vallinder (eds.). 1995. The Global Expansion of Judicial Power. New York: New York University Press. Volcansek, Mary L. 1994. "Political Power and Judicial Review in Italy." 26 Comparative Political Studies 492-509.
O. TRANSNATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COURTS
	Meernik, James, Kimi Lynn King, and Geoffrey Dancy. 2005. “Judicial Decision Making and International Tribunals: Assessing the Impact of Individual, National, and International Factors.” 86 Social Science Quarterly 683-703. Volcansek, Mary L. [ed.] 1997. Law Above Nations: Suprantional Courts and the Legalization of Politics. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. Cichowski, Rachel A.. 2004. “Women's Rights, the European Court, and Supranational Constitutionalism.” 38 Law & Society Review 489-512. Gibson, James L. and Gregory A. Caldeira. 1995. “The Legitimacy of Transnational Legal Institutions: Compliance, Support, and the European Court of Justice.” 39 American Journal of Political Science 459-489. Gibson, James L. and Gregory A. Caldeira. 1998. “Changes in the Legitimacy of the European Court of Justice: A Post-Maastrict Analysis.” 28 British Journal of Political Science 63-91. Alter, Karen J. and Sophie Meunier-Aitsahalia. 1992. “Judicial Politics in the European Community: European Integration and the Pathbreaking Cassis de Dijon Decision.” 26 Comparative Political Studies 535-561. Alter, Karen J. 1996. “The European Court's Political Power.” 19 West European Politics 458-87. Boyle, Elizabeth Heger and Melissa Thompson. 2001. “National Politics and Resort to the European Commission on Human Rights.” 35 Law & Society Review 321-44. Cichowski, Rachel A. 2004. “Women's Rights, the European Court, and Supranational Constitutionalism.” 38 Law & Society Review 489-512. Dehousse, Renaud. 1998. The European Court of Justice: The Politics of Judicial Integration. New York: St. Martin's Press. Hampson, Francoise J. 1989. “The United Kingdom Before the European Court of Human Rights.” 9 Yearbook of European Law 121-173. Jackson, Donald W. 1997. The United Kingdom Confronts the European Convention on Human Rights. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. Mattli, Walter and Anne-Marie Slaughter. 1998. “Revisiting the European Court of Justice.” International Organization 177-209. Shapiro, Martin. 1992. “The European Court of Justice,” in A. M. Sbragia, ed., Euro-Politics: Institutions and Policymaking in the "New" European Community. Washington: Brookings Institution. Slaughter, Anne-Marie, Alec Stone Sweet, and Joseph H. Weiler [eds.]. 1998. The European Courts and National Courts: Doctrine and Jurisprudence. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Starr-Deelen, Donna and Bart Deelen. 1996. “The European Court of Justice as a Federator.” 26 Publius 81-98. Stone Sweet, Alec and Thomas L. Brunell. 1998. “Constructing a Supranational Constitution: Dispute Resolution and Governance in the European Community.” 92 American Political Science Review 63-81. Stone Sweet, Alec and Thomas L. Brunell. 1998. “The European Courts and the National Courts: A Statistical Analysis of Preliminary References.” 5 Journal of European Public Policy 66-97. Stone Sweet, Alec. 2004. The Judicial Construction of Europe. New York: Oxford University Press. Volcansek, Mary L. 1992. “The European Court of Justice: Supranational Policy-Making.” 15 West European Politics 109-121. Weiler, J.H.H. 1994. “A Quiet Revolution: The European Court of Justice and Its Interlocutors.” 26 Comparative Political Studies 510-534.
P. LAWYERS AND LEGAL PROFESSIONS (see also syllabus for Legal Studies 415)
	Abel, Richard L. 1988. "United States: The Contradictions of Professionalism." Pp. 186-243 in Richard L. Abel and Philip S.C. Lewis (eds.), Lawyers in Society: The Common Law World. Berkeley: University of California Press. Cain, Maureen and Christine B. Harrington (eds.). 1994. Lawyers in a Postmodern World: Translation and Transgression. New York: New York University Press. Clayton, Cornell W. 1993. The Politics of Justice: The Attorney General and the Making of Legal Policy. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe. Clayton, Cornell W. (ed.). 1995. Government Lawyers: The Federal Legal Bureaucracy and Presidential Politics. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, pp. 31-84, 143-180. Eisenstein, James. 1978. Counsel for the United States: U.S. Attorneys in the Political and Legal Systems. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Galanter , Marc and Thomas Palay. 1991. The Tournament of Lawyers: The Transformation of the Big Law Firm. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Heinz, John P. and Edward O. Laumann. 1982. Chicago Lawyers: The Social Structure of the Bar. New York: Russell Sage. Heinz, John P., Edward O. Laumann, Robert L. Nelson, and Robert H. Salisbury. 1993. The Hollow Core: Private Interests in National Policy Making. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Kritzer, Herbert M. 1991. "Abel and the Professional Project: The Institutional Analysis of the Legal Profession," 16 Law & Social Inquiry 529-552. Kritzer, Herbert M. 1998. Legal Advocacy: Lawyers and Nonlawyers at Work. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Kritzer, Herbert M. 1998. "The Wages of Risk: The Returns of Contingency Fee Legal Practice." 47 DePaul University Law Review 267-319. Kritzer, Herbert M. 1999. “The Professions Are Dead, Long Live the Professions: Legal Practice in a Post-Professional World.” 33 Law & Society Review 713-759. Landon, Donald D. 1985. "Clients, Colleagues, and Community: The Shaping of Zealous Advocacy in Country Law Practice." 1985 American Bar Foundation Research Journal 81-112. Menkel-Meadow, Carrie. 1989. "The Feminization of the Legal Profession: The Comparative Sociology of Women Lawyers." Pp. 196-255 in Richard L. Abel and Phillip S.C. Lewis (eds.), Lawyers in Society: Comparative Theories. Berkeley: University of California Press. McGuire, Kevin T. 1993. The Supreme Court Bar: Legal Elites in the Washington Community. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. McGuire, Kevin T. 1993. "Lawyers and the U.S. Supreme Court: The Washington Community and Legal Elites." 37 American Journal of Political Science 365-390. Nelson, Robert L., David M. Trubek., and Rayman L. Solomon (eds.). 1992. Lawyers Ideals/Lawyers' Practices: Transformations in the American Legal Profession. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Salokar, Rebecca Mae. 1992. The Solicitor General: The Politics of Law. Philadephia: Temple University Press. Sarat, Austin and Stuart Scheingold (eds.). 1998. Cause Lawyering: Political Commitments and Professional Responsibilities. New York: Oxford University. Seron, Carroll. 1996. The Business of Practicing Law: The Work Lives of Solo and Small-Firm Attorneys. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Van Hoy, Jerry. 1995. Selling and Processing Law: Legal Work at Franchise Law Firms." 29 Law & Society Review 703-729.

Bert Kritzer, 608-263-2277, Kritzer@PoliSci.Wisc.Edu

Last modified April 28, 2006