Political Science 362 Fall 2009

Instructor: Professor Michael Schatzberg, 415 North Hall Syllabus

Instructor’s Office Hours: Wednesdays, 10:00 - 12:00 or by appointment

Teaching Assistant: Mr. Nick Barnes, 121 North Hall

T. A.’s Office Hours: Thursdays, 12:00-2:00

AFRICAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

A. Course Aims:

The purpose of this course is to provide students with an intensive introduction to the broad structures and processes of international politics and foreign policy in Africa. Although we shall pay some attention to historical legacies of both the precolonial and colonial periods, the course will emphasize many of the major themes and patterns which have characterized African international relations since independence in 1960, and especially the more recent events that have shaped African international relations since the end of the Cold War. Among these are the interventions of both African and external powers in crisis situations; the pervasive legacies of the Cold War itself; the constraints which economic dependency and poverty place on the foreign policies of most African states; the increasing prominence of non-state actors in Africa’s international arena (such as nongovernmental organizations and warlords); and the role of various continental and regional organizations in the resolution of internal and international conflicts. Throughout the semester we shall also think about how international relations affects ordinary individuals as they go about their daily lives.

In addition, we shall consider both how and why many of the behavioral patterns, operational “rules,” and normative assumptions of African international relations prevalent for the first three decades of independence are now in flux. For Africa, as well as for the rest of the world, 1989 was a watershed which altered dramatically many basic and long-accepted tenets of international politics. Old policies and perceptions dissolved as the Cold War came to an end. Analysts are increasingly questioning even fundamental assumptions such as state sovereignty and the “sanctity” of international boundaries. African politicians and political leaders, like our own, are now searching for new ways of maneuvering in an increasingly complex international environment. How these changes will affect future patterns of African international relations will be a subject for continuing discussion throughout the semester.

B. Course Requirements:

There will be two lectures each week and it is expected that students will attend regularly. “Lecture” should not imply that your questions, comments, and observations are out of order. Far from it. Within the limits imposed by a large class, time, and the necessity of completing the course outline, student participation is actively encouraged for the instructor values dialogue more than monologue. It is thus essential that students do the reading on time (by Wednesday of each week), and appear in class ready to share their questions, thoughts, and observations. Please note that in order to facilitate a friendly and comfortable learning environment for all, recording devices of any sort will be permitted only with the instructor’s consent. With the same goal in mind, all cell phones, pagers, and other such devices should be turned off during our class sessions. Students wishing to use laptop computers to take notes may do so, but please observe the following simple rules of etiquette: a) be sure your sound is off at the beginning of class; b) please stay focused on the course: surfing, gaming, or checking out “facebook” entries is distracting to those around you; and c) during certain periods laptops may be prohibited (during exams or films, for example), so please respect these times.

There will be a mid-term examination on Wednesday, 21October 2009 as well as a two-hour final examination on Friday, 18 December 2009 starting at 2:45 p.m. (Please note well that since you have been alerted to this university scheduling on day one of the semester, and since it has been readily available on the web since last spring, requests to take the final at alternative times because of winter break travel arrangements will not fall on sympathetic ears.) In addition, undergraduates will submit a 2,500 word (roughly 10 typewritten pages) term paper dealing with a contemporary aspect of African international relations. Graduate students (as well as undergraduate honors students) should submit a lengthier, more theoretically focused, paper of 5,000 words (or 20 typewritten pages). Honors students may also negotiate a different honors requirement with the instructor. All papers are due on Wednesday, 25 November 2009. Late papers are a serious “no-no,” and will be penalized severely. In addition, all students should submit a one-page, typewritten statement of the proposed topic which tentatively indicates some of the sources to be consulted. These bibliography-outlines are due no later than Wednesday, 14 October 2009, but will be welcomed earlier. Consultations with the teaching assistant will then be arranged for all students desiring, or needing, them. All term paper topics must be approved in this way. Although these bibliographic exercises will not be graded, students failing to submit them will not receive a passing grade. Similarly, all required work must be submitted to be eligible to receive a passing grade. (Students affiliated with the McBurney Center should see the instructor as soon as possible if they are going to need alternate arrangements.)

Finally, all students should have an e-mail address so that they will be able to receive and post messages of interest pertaining to the subject matter of the course. The list address for this course is: polisci362-1-f09@lists.wisc.edu.

C. Grading Criteria:

Mid-term 30%

Paper 30%

Final examination 40%

Where possible, the instructor will reward exceptional cases of sustained, consistent, and intelligent class participation. Borderline cases will also be determined on the basis of class participation.

D. Books:

The following books will be used extensively. In theory, the University Book Store, the Underground Textbook Exchange, and the reserve reading room of the College Library in Helen C. White Hall should have copies available. Please note: it is required that you read these books, not that you buy them.

Chris Alden, China in Africa (New York: Zed Books, 2007).

James Ferguson, Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order (Durham: Duke University Press, 2006).

John Iliffe, The African AIDS Epidemic: A History (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2006).

Todd J. Moss, African Development: Making Sense of the Issues (Boulder: Lynne Reinner, 2007).

Robert Paarlberg, Starved for Science: How Biotechnology is Being Kept out of Africa (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008).

Thomas Turner, The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth, and Reality (New York: Zed Books, 2007).

Marie Béatrice Umutesi, Surviving the Slaughter: The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaïre (Madison : University of Wisconsin Press, 2004).

In the course outline which follows, some readings are required (*); others are recommended (#) for those wishing to pursue a subject further. Required books readings should be on three-hour reserve in the College Library at Helen C. White Hall. In addition, all required articles may be accessed through the following web link: http://users.polisci.wisc.edu/schatzberg/ps362. (Throughout the remainder of this syllabus this will be abbreviated as [web].) Some of the recommended articles may also be accessed through other indicated links or directly through MadCat. You may need to access these from a UW email or web address, but the relevant journal articles should then be accessible. To facilitate easy access, I will send electronic copies of this syllabus (in WordPerfect, Word, Adobe pdf, and html) to the classlist. A copy of this syllabus will also be accessible through [web].

E. Course Outline and Reading Assignments:

Organization and Introduction 2 September 2009

General Readings

#Christopher Clapham, Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival.

#Robert H. Jackson, Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations in the Third World.

#John Harbeson and Donald Rothchild, eds., Africa in World Politics.

#Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild, eds., Africa in the New International Order.

#I. William Zartman, Ripe for Resolution.

#I. William Zartman, International Relations in the New Africa.

#Francis Deng and I. W. Zartman, eds., Conflict Resolution in Africa.

#Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa.

#Ali A. Mazrui, Africa’s International Relations: The Diplomacy of Dependency and Change.

#Robert Pinkney, The International Politics of East Africa.

#Kevin C. Dunn and Timothy M. Shaw, eds., Africa’s Challenge to International Relations Theory.

#Thomas M. Callaghy, Ronald Kassimir, Robert Latham, eds., Intervention and Transnationalism in Africa: Global-Local Networks of Power.

#Guy Martin, Africa in World Politics: A Pan-African Perspective.

#Donald Rothchild and Edmond J. Keller, eds., Africa–U.S. Relations: Strategic Encounters.

#Douglas Lemke, “African Lessons for International Relations Research,” World Politics 56:1 (2003): 114-138. [muse]

Week 1 — Historical Dimensions: Precolonial and Colonial IR 9 September 2009

*Todd J. Moss, African Development: Making Sense of the Issues, 1-116.

*Princeton N. Lyman and J. Stephen Morrison, “The Terrorist Threat in Africa” Foreign Affairs 831 (January/February 2004): 75-86. [web]

Pan-Africanism

#Ali A. Mazrui, “Global Africa: From Abolitionists to Reparationists,” African Studies Review 37:3 (December 1994): 1-18.

#Ronald W. Walters, Pan Africanism in the African Diaspora: An Analysis of Modern Afrocentric Political Movements.

#David Levering Lewis, W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868-1919.

#Hakim Adi and Marika Sherwood, The 1945 Pan-African Congress Revisited.

#James H. Meriwether, Proudly We Can Be Africans: Black Americans and Africa, 1935-1961.

#Claude A. Clegg III, The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia.

#Ibrahim Sundiata, Brothers and Strangers: Black Zion, Black Slavery, 1914-1940.

#Emmanuel Akyeampong, “Diaspora and Drug Trafficking in West Africa: A Case Study of Ghana,” African Affairs 104:416 (July 2005): 429-447. [web]

#Michael A. Gomez, Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora.

#David Northrup, Africa’s Discovery of Europe, 1450-1850.

#James C. McCann, Maize and Grace: Africa's Encounter With a New World Crop, 1500-2000.

#Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann, Reparations to Africa.

Foreign Aid

#Carol Lancaster, Aid to Africa: So Much to Do, So Little Done.

#Michael Maren, The Road to Hell: The Ravaging Effects of Foreign Aid and International Charity.

#Mark Duffield, “Aid and Complicity: The Case of War-Displaced Southerners in the Northern Sudan,” Journal of Modern African Studies (JMAS) 40:1 (March 2002): 83-104. [cjo]

#Randall W. Stone, “The Political Economy of IMF Lending in Africa,” American Political Science Review 98:4 (November 2004): 577-591. [cjo]

#Thad Dunning, “Conditioning the Effects of Aid: Cold War Politics, Donor Credibility, and Democracy in Africa.” International Organization, 58:2 (April 2004): 409-423. [cjo]

#Robert Calderisi, The Trouble with Africa: Why Foreign Aid Isn’t Working.

#William F. S. Miles, “The Rabbi’s Well: A Case Study in the Micropolitics of Foreign Aid in Muslim West Africa,” African Studies Review 51:1 (April 2008): 41-57. [web]

Week 2 — Basic Concepts: Systems; “Rules”; Dependency 16 September 2009

*Todd J. Moss, African Development: Making Sense of the Issues, 117-245.

*Sandra T. Barnes, “Global Flows, Terror, Oil, and Strategic Philanthropy,” African Studies Review 48:1 (2005): 1-22. [web]

#I. W. Zartman, “The OAU in the African State System,” in Yassin el-Ayouty and I. William Zartman, eds., The OAU After Twenty Years, 13-43.

#R. A. Akindele, ed., The OAU 1963-1988: A Role Analysis and Performance Rerun.

#Terry M. Mays, Africa’s First Peacekeeping Operation: The OAU in Chad, 1981-1982.

Boundaries

#Saadia Touval, The Boundary Politics of Independent Africa.

#A. I. Asiwaju and P. O. Adeniyi, eds., Resolving Boundary Disputes: Multi-Disciplinary and Comparative Focus on Nigeria and West Africa.

#A. I. Asiwaju, Artificial Boundaries.

#A. I. Asiwaju, Partitioned Africans.

#Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies.

#William F. S. Miles, Hausaland Divided: Colonialism and Independence in Nigeria and Niger.

#Paul Nugent and A.I. Asiwaju, eds., African Boundaries: Barriers, Conduits and Opportunities.

#Jeffrey Herbst, “The Creation and Maintenance of National Boundaries in Africa,” International Organization 43:4 (1989): 673-692.

#Ruth Iyob, The Eritrean Struggle for Independence: Domination, Resistance, Nationalism, 1941-1993.

#Tekeste Negash and Kjetil Tronvoll, Brothers at War: Making Sense of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War.

#Markus Kornprobst, “The Management of Border Disputes in African Regional Sub-systems: Comparing West Africa and the Horn of Africa,” JMAS 40:3 (September 2002): 369-393. [cjo]

#William F. S. Miles, “Development, not Division: Local versus External Perceptions of the Niger-Nigeria Boundary,” Journal of Modern African Studies 43:2 (2005): 297-320. [cjo]

#David K. Leonard and Scott Straus, Africa’s Stalled Development: International Causes and Cures.

Week 3 — Domestic Sources of Foreign Policy 23 September 2009

*Chris Alden, China in Africa, 1-36.

*Harry G. Broadman, “China and India Go to Africa,” Foreign Affairs 87:2 (March/April 2008): 95-109. [web]

*Pierre Englebert, Stacy Tarango, and Matthew Carter, “Dismemberment And Suffocation: A Contribution to the Debate on African Boundaries,” Comparative Political Studies 35:10 (December 2002): 1093-1118. [web]

#Gilbert M. Khadiagala and Terrence Lyons, eds., African Foreign Policies.

#Ibrahim A. Gambari, Theory and Reality in Foreign Policy Making: Nigeria After the Second Republic.

#Olajide Aluko, ed., The Foreign Policies of African States.

#Olujimi Jolaoso, In the Shadows: Reflections of a Pioneer Diplomat.

#Stephen Wright, ed., African Foreign Policies.

#Herbert M. Howe, Ambiguous Order: Military Forces in African States.

#William Reno, Warlord Politics and African States.

Week 4 — The Changing International Environment 30 September 2009

*Chris Alden, China in Africa, 37-151.

*Howard W. French, “Commentary: China and Africa,” African Affairs 106:422 (January 2007): 127-132. [web]

*Jedrzej George Frynas and Manuel Paulo, “A New Scramble for African Oil? Historical, Political, and Business Perspectives,” African Affairs 106:423 (April 2007): 229-251. [web]

#I. W. Zartman, ed., Collapsed States.

#Audie Klotz, Norms in International Relations: The Struggle Against Apartheid.

#Jeffrey Herbst, “War and the State in Africa,” International Security 14:4 (1990): 117-139.

#William Pfaff, “A New Colonialism? Europe Must Go Back into Africa,” Foreign Affairs 74:1 (January/February 1995): 2-6. [ase]

#Gorm Rye Olsen, “Western Europe’s Relations with Africa Since the End of the Cold War,” JMAS 35:2 (1997): 299-319. [cjo]

#Abdel-Fatau Musah and J. ‘Kayode Fayemi, eds., Mercenaries: An African Security Dilemma.

#Greg Campbell, Blood Diamonds: Tracing the Deadly Path of the World’s Most Precious Stones.

#Paul Darby, Africa, Football and FIFA: Politics, Colonialism and Resistance.

#Denis M. Tull, “China’s Engagement in Africa: Scope, Significance, and Consequences,” Journal of Modern African Studies 44:3 (September 2006): 459-479. [cjo]

#Harry G. Broadman, Africa’s Silk Road: China and India’s New Economic Frontier.

#Barry Sautman and Yon Hairong, “Friends and Interests: China’s Distinctive Links with Africa,” African Studies Review 50:3 (December 2007): 75-114. [web]

#Robert I. Rotberg, ed., Battling Terrorism in the Horn of Africa.

#Jan Kees van Donge, “The Plundering of Zambian Resources by Frederick Chiluba and His Friends: a Case Study of the Interaction Between National Politics and the International Drive Towards Good Governance,” African Affairs 108:430 (January 2009): 69-90. [web]

Week 5 — Crisis and Intervention, I: Congo’s Early Crises 7 October 2009

*Marie Béatrice Umutesi, Surviving the Slaughter: The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaïre, 249-258, 1-102. [Note that the end matter contains a chronology and other materials that you might find it useful to read first.]

*Phillip A. Cantrell, “The Anglican Church of Rwanda: Domestic Agendas and International Linkages,” Journal of Modern African Studies 45:3 (September 2007): 333-354. [web]

#Aili Marie Tripp, et al., “Commentaries on Marie Béatrice Umutesi’s Surviving the Slaughter,” African Studies Review 48:3 (December 2005): 89-141. [muse]

#Madeleine G. Kalb, The Congo Cables: The Cold War in Africa — From Eisenhower to Kennedy.

#David N. Gibbs, The Political Economy of Third World Intervention: Mines, Money and U.S. Policy in the Congo Crisis.

#Ernesto “Che” Guevarra, The African Dream: The Diaries of the Revolutionary War in the Congo.

#Alan James, Britain and the Congo Crisis, 1960-63.

#Sean Kelly, America’s Tyrant: The CIA and Mobutu of Zaire.

#Jean-Claude Willame, La crise congolaise revisitée.

#David N. Gibbs, “The United Nations, International Peacekeeping and the Question of ‘Impartiality’: Revisiting the Congo Operation of 1960,” JMAS 38:3 (2000): 359-382. [cjo]

#Ludo de Witte, The Assassination of Patrice Lumumba.

French Policy

#Jean-François Bayart, La politique africaine de François Mitterand.

#John Chipman, French Power in Africa.

#Jacques Foccart, Foccart parle.

#Alain Rouvez, Disconsolate Empires: French, British and Belgian Military Involvement in Post-Colonial Sub-Saharan Africa.

#François-Xavier Verschave, Noir silence: Qui arrêtera la Françafrique?

#Asteris C. Huliaras, “The ‘Anglosaxon Conspiracy’: French Perceptions of the Great Lakes Crisis,” JMAS 36:4 (1998): 593-609. [cjo]

#Xavier Renou, “A New French Policy for Africa?” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 20:1 (January 2002): 5-27.

#Rachel Utley, “‘Not to Do less but to Do Better. . .’: French Military Policy in Africa,” International Affairs 78:1 (January 2002): 129-146. [ase]

Week 6 — Crisis and Intervention, II: Congo’s Later Crises; Rwanda 14 October 2009

***1-PAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY/OUTLINES DUE: WEDNESDAY, 14 OCTOBER 2009***

*Marie Béatrice Umutesi, Surviving the Slaughter: The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaïre, 102-246.

*Karen Jacobsen, “Can Refugees Benefit the State? Refugee Resources and African Statebuilding,” Journal of Modern African Studies 40:4 (December 2002): 577-596. [web]

Rwandan Genocide

#Alain Destexhe, Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century.

#Colette Braeckman, Rwanda — Histoire d’un genocide.

#Wm. Cyrus Reed, “Exile, Reform, and the Rise of Rwandan Patriotic Front,” JMAS 34:3 (1996): 479-501.

#Gérard Prunier, The Rwanda Crisis.

#Philip Gourevitch, We Wish to Inform you that Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda.

#Peter Uvin, Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda.

#Johan Pottier, Re-imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century.

#Michael Barnett, Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda.

#Alison Des Forges, “Leave None to Tell the Story”: Genocide in Rwanda.

#Peter Uvin, “Ethnicity and Power in Burundi and Rwanda: Different Paths to Mass Violence,” Comparative Politics 31:3 (April 1999): 253-271.

#L. R. Melvern, A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda’s Genocide.

#Linda Melvern, Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide.

#Mahmood Mamdani, When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and Genocide in Rwanda.

#Scott Straus, The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda.

Week 7 — Analytic Interlude, 1 21 October 2009

***MID-TERM EXAMINATION: WEDNESDAY, 21 OCTOBER 2009***

Week 8 — Security Issues, 1: AIDS 28 October 2009

*John Iliffe, The African AIDS Epidemic: A History, 1-79.

*Stefan Elbe, “HIV / AIDS and the Changing Landscape of War in Africa,” International Security 27:2 (Fall 2002): 159-177. [web]

#Nana K. Poku, “Poverty, Debt and Africa’s HIV/AIDS crisis,” International Affairs 78:3 (July 2002): 531-546. [ase]

#“AIDS in Context” special issue of African Studies 61:1 (July 2002). [ing]

#Krista Johnson, “Framing AIDS Mobilization and Human Rights in Post-apartheid South Africa,”Perspectives on Politics 4:4 (December 2006): 663-670. [web]

Week 9 — Security Issues, 2: Peacekeeping; & Elections 4 November 2009

*John Iliffe, The African AIDS Epidemic: A History, 80-159.

*Alan Whiteside, Alex de Waal, and Tsadkan Gebre-Tensae, “AIDS, Security and the Military in Africa: A Sober Appraisal,” African Affairs 105:419 (April 2006): 201-218. [web]

#Anthony Butler, “South Africa’s HIV/AIDS Policy, 1994–2004: How Can it Be Explained? African Affairs 104:417 (October 2005): 591-614. [ox]

#Amy S. Patterson, The Politics of AIDS in Africa.

#Liisa Laasko, “The Politics of International Election Observation: The Case of Zimbabwe in 2000,” JMAS 40:3 (September 2002): 437-464. [cjo]

#Miles Larmer and Alastair Fraser, “Of Cabbages and King Cobra: Populist Politics and Zambia’s 2006 Election,” African Affairs 106:425 (October 2007): 611-637. [web]

#Richard Synge, Mozambique: UN Peacekeeping in Action.

#Domenico Mazzeo, ed., African Regional Organizations.

#Ibrahim A. Gambari, Political and Comparative Dimensions of Regional Integration: The Case of ECOWAS.

#Issa Shivji, Human Rights in Africa.

#Claude E. Welch, Protecting Human Rights in Africa: Strategies and Roles of Non-Governmental Organizations.

#Evelyn A. Ankumah, The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights: Practice and Procedure.

#Ronald Cohen, Goran Hyden, and Winston P. Nagan, eds., Human Rights and Governance in Africa.

#Malcolm Evans and Rachel Murray, eds., The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights: The System in Practice, 1986-2006, 2^nd ed.

#Daniel Bach, ed., Regionalisation in Africa: Integration and Disintegration.

#Bruce D. Jones, Peacemaking in Rwanda: The Dynamics of Failure.

Somalia

#Bereket Selassie, Crisis and Intervention in the Horn of Africa.

#I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of Somalia: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa.

#Jeffrey A. Lefebre, Arms for the Horn: U.S. Security Policy in Ethiopia and Somalia, 1953-1991.

#Samuel M. Makinda, Seeking Peace from Chaos.

#Mohamed Sahnoun, Somalia: The Missed Opportunities.

#John L. Hirsch and Robert B. Oakley, Somalia and Operation Restore Hope: Reflections on Peacemaking and Peacekeeping

#Anna Simons, Networks of Dissolution: Mogadishu.

#Ahmed Samatar, ed., The Somali Challenge: From Catastrophe to Renewal.

#Tekeste Negash and Kjetil Tronvoll, Brothers at War: Making Sense of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War.

#Anonymous, “Government Recognition in Somalia and Regional Political Stability in the Horn of Africa,” JMAS 40:2 (June 2002): 247-272. [cjo]

#Ken Menkhaus, SOMALIA: State Collapse and the Threat of Terrorism, Adelphi Paper 364.

#Ken Menkhaus, “The Crisis in Somalia: Tragedy in Five Acts,” African Affairs 106:424 (July 2007): 357-390. [web]

Darfur

#Julie Flint and Alex de Waal, Darfur: A Short History of a Long War.

#Scott Straus, “Darfur and the Genocide Debate,” Foreign Affairs 84:1 (2005): 123-133. [web]

#Alex de Waal, Famine that Kills: Darfur, Sudan, revised ed.

#Alex de Waal, Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Industry in Africa.

#Frances M. Deng and Larry Minear, The Challenges of Famine Relief: Emergency Operations in the Sudan.

#Douglas H. Johnson, The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars.

#Rogaia Mustafa Abusharaf, Wanderings: Sudanese Migrants and Exiles in North America.

#Gerard Prunier, Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide.

#Alex de Waal, “Who Are the Darfurians? Arab and African Identities, Violence and External Engagement,” African Affairs 104:415 (April 2005): 181-205. [ox]

#M. W. Daly, Darfur’s Sorrow: A History of Destruction and Genocide.

#Ruth Iyob and Gilbert M. Khadiagala, Sudan: The Elusive Quest for Peace.

#Andrew S. Natsios, “Beyond Darfur,” Foreign Affairs 87:3 (May/June 2008): 77-93. [web]

Week 10 — The Economic Dimension, 1: Dependency & Trade 11 November 2009

*Robert Paarlberg, Starved for Science: How Biotechnology is Being Kept out of Africa,vii-xv, 1-110.

*Paul Collier, “The Politics of Hunger: How Illusion and Greed Fan the Food Crisis,” Foreign Affairs 87:6 (November/December 2008): 67-79. [web]

#Janet MacGaffey and Rémy Bazenguissa-Ganga, Congo-Paris: Transnational Traders on the Margins of the Law.

#Peter Griffiths, The Economist’s Tale: A Consultant Encounters Hunger and the World Bank.

#Thomas M. Callaghy, and John Ravenhill, eds., Hemmed In.

#Oye Ogunbadejo, The International Politics of Africa’s Strategic Minerals.

#John Ravenhill, Collective Clientelism: The Lomé Conventions and North-South Relations.

#Karen A. Mingst, Politics and the African Development Bank.

#E. Philip English and Harris M. Mule, The African Development Bank.

#Jeffrey Herbst, U.S. Economic Policy Toward Africa.

#Wayne E. Nafziger, The Debt Crisis in Africa.

#Jedrzej Georg Frynas, Oil in Nigeria: Conflict and Litigation between Oil Companies and Village Communities.

#Richard E. Mshomba, Africa in the Global Economy.

#Nicolas van de Walle, African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, 1979-1999.

#Paul Collier, Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy.

#Rosaleen Duffy, “Gemstone Mining in Madagascar: Transnational Networks, Criminalisation and Global Integration,” Journal of Modern African Studies 45:2 (June 2007): 185-206 .

#Graham Harrison, The World Bank and Africa: The Construction of Governance States.

Week 11 — The Economic Dimension, 2: Foreign Aid 18 November 2009

*Robert Paarlberg, Starved for Science: How Biotechnology is Being Kept out of Africa,111-195.

*Alex de Waal, “What’s New in the ‘New Partnership for Africa’s Development’?” International Affairs 78:3 (July 2002): 463-476. [web]

#Eduard Jordaan, “Inadequately Self-critical: Rwanda’s Self-assessment for the African Peer Review Mechanism,” African Affairs 105:420 (July 2006): 333-351. [ox]

#Ian Taylor, NEPAD: Towards Africa’s Development or Another False Start?

#Joseph Hanlon, Peace without Profit: How the IMF Blocks Rebuilding in Mozambique.

#Robert Klitgaard, Tropical Gangsters.

#Eboe Hutchful, The IMF and Ghana: The Confidential Record.

#Bonnie Campbell and John Loxley, eds., Structural Adjustment in Africa.

#World Bank, From Crisis to Sustainable Growth.

#Joan M. Nelson, ed., Economic Crisis and Policy Choice: The Politics of Adjustment in the Third World, essay by Callaghy, 257-319.

#Kwame Boafo-Arthur, “Ghana: Structural Adjustment, Democratization, and the Politics of Continuity,” African Studies Review 42:2 (1999): 41-72.

#Clark C. Gibson, Politicians and Poachers: The Political Economy of Wildlife Policy in Africa.

#Thandika Mkandawire and Charles C. Soludo, Our Continent, Our Future: African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment.

#Nicolas van de Walle et al., eds., Beyond Structural Adjustment: The Institutional Context of African Development.

#Harvey Glickman, “The Nigerian ‘419’ Advance Fee Scams: Prank or Peril,” Canadian Journal of African Studies 39:3 (2005): 460-489.

Week 12 — Analytic Interlude, 2 25 November 2009

***TERM PAPERS DUE WEDNESDAY, 25 NOVEMBER 2009***

*Thomas Turner, The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth, and Reality, 199-208, 1-75. [Note that the end matter contains a chronology that you might find it useful to read first.]

U.S. Policy

#Peter J. Schraeder, United States Foreign Policy toward Africa: Incrementalism, Crisis and Change.

#Michael Clough, Free at Last?: U.S. Policy Toward Africa and the End of the Cold War.

#Peter Duignan and L.H. Gann, The United States and Africa: A History.

#Piero Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959-1976.

#M. G. Schatzberg, Mobutu or Chaos?: The United States and Zaire, 1960-1990.

#Peter J. Schraeder, ed., “The Clinton Administration and Africa (1993-1999),” Issue 26:2 (1998): 1-74.

#Herman J. Cohen, Intervening in Africa: Superpower Peacemaking in a Troubled Continent.

THANKSGIVING BREAK

Week 13 — Security Issues, 3: The Great Lakes Region 2 December 2009

*Thomas Turner, The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth, and Reality, 76-198.

*Séverine Autesserre, “The Trouble With Congo: How Local Disputes Fuel Regional Conflicts,” Foreign Affairs 87:3 (May/June 2008): 94-110. [web]

Congo Wars

#M. G. Schatzberg, “Beyond Mobutu: Kabila and the Congo,” Journal of Democracy 8:4 (October 1997): 70-84. [muse]

#African Studies Review 41:1 (April 1998): 3-97 (Special issue on the crisis in Central Africa; essays by Lemarchand, Fisiy, Ndikumana, Longman, and Newbury).

#Mel McNulty, “The Collapse of Zaire: Implosion, Revolution or External Sabotage?” JMAS 37:1 (1999): 53-82. [cjo]

#John F. Clark, “Explaining Ugandan Interventions in Congo: Evidence and Interpretations,” JMAS 39:2 (2001): 261-287. [cjo]

#John F. Clark, ed., The African Stakes of the Congo War.

#Stafan Smis and Wamu Oyatambwe, “Complex Political Emergencies, the International Community and the Congo Conflict,” Review of African Political Economy 29:93/94 (September/December 2002): 411-430.

#Ingrid Samset, “Conflict of Interests or Interests in Conflict? Diamonds and War in the DRC,” Review of African Political Economy 29:93/94 (September/December 2002): 463-480.

#Kevin C. Dunn, Imagining the Congo: The International Relations of Identity.

#Michael Nest et al., The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Economic Dimensions of War and Peace.

#Filip Reyntjens, “The Privatisation and Criminalisation of public Space in the Geopolitics of the Great Lakes Region,” Journal of Modern African Studies 43:4 (2005): 587-607. [cjo]

#Gilbert M. Khadiagala, ed., Security Dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes Region.

#Filip Reyntjens, “Briefing: Democratic Republic of Congo: political transition and beyond,” African Affairs 106:423 (April 2007): 307-317. [web]

#Maria Eriksson Baaz and Maria Stern, “Making Sense of Violence: Voices of Soldiers in the Congo (DRC),” Journal of Modern African Studies 46:1 (March 2008): 57-86. [web]

#Gerard Prunier, From Genocide to Continental War: The Congo Crisis of Contemporary Africa.

#René Lemarchand, The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa.

Week 14 — Globalization? 9 December 2009

*James Ferguson, Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order, 1-112.

South African Foreign Policy

#Helen E. Purkitt and Stephen F. Burgess, South Africa’s Weapons of Mass Destruction.

#Stephen Ellis and Tsepo Sechaba, Comrades Against Apartheid.

#James Barber and John Barratt, South Africa’s Foreign Policy: The Search for Status and Security, 1945-1988.

#Gilbert M. Khadiagala, Allies in Adversity: The Frontline States in Southern African Security, 1975-1993.

#Deon Geldenhuys, The Diplomacy of Isolation: South African Foreign Policy Making.

#Christopher Coker, The United States and South Africa, 1968-1985: Constructive Engagement and its Critics.

#Richard J. Payne, The Nonsuperpowers and South Africa: Implications for U.S. Policy.

#Thomas Borstelmann, Apartheid’s Reluctant Uncle: The United States and Southern Africa in the Early Cold War.

#Nelson Mandela, “South Africa’s Future Foreign Policy,” Foreign Affairs 72:5 (1993): 86-97. [ase]

#J. W. de Villiers, Roger Jardine, and Mitchell Reiss, “Why South Africa Gave Up the Bomb,” Foreign Affairs 72:5 (1993): 98-109. [ase]

#Chester Crocker, High Noon in Southern Africa.

#Princeton N. Lyman, Partner to History: The U.S. Role in South Africa’s Transition to Democracy.

#Roger Pfister, “Gateway to International Victory: The Diplomacy of the African National Congress in Africa, 1960-1994,” JMAS 41:1 (March 2003): 51-73. [cjo]

#James Barber, Mandela’s World: The International Dimension of South Africa’s Political Revolution.

#J. E. Davies, Constructive Engagement? Chester Crocker and American Policy in South Africa, Namibia and Angola, 1981-1988.

Week 15 — The Future of African IR 14 December 2009

*James Ferguson, Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order, 113-210.

*Paul D. Williams, “From non-intervention to non-indifference: the origins and development of the African Union’s security culture,” African Affairs 106:423 (April 2007): 253-279. [web]

#Arie M. Kacowicz, “‘Negative’ International Peace and Domestic Conflicts, West Africa, 1957-96,” JMAS 35:3 (1997): 367-85. [cjo]

#Stephen F. Burgess, “African Security in the Twenty-First Century: The Challenges of Indigenization and Multilateralism,” African Studies Review 41:2 (September 1998): 37-61.

#Chris Alden and Mills Soko, “South Africa’s Economic Relations with Africa: Hegemony and its Discontents,” Journal of Modern African Studies 43:3 (September 2005): 367-392. [cjo]

#Stephen Ellis, “How to Rebuild Africa,” Foreign Affairs 84:5 (2005): 135-148. [web]

#Francis Deng and William Zartman, A Strategic Vision for Africa: The Kampala Movement.

#Paul Stoller, Money Has No Smell: The Africanization of New York City.

#Jane L. Guyer, Marginal Gains: Monetary Transactions in Atlantic Africa.

FINAL EXAM: FRIDAY, 18 DECEMBER 2009, 2:45 - 4:45 p.m.; LOCATION: T.B.A.